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Etymology of the Day: Strategery

Mother Jones

My incidental use of the George Bushism “strategery” in a post this morning sparked a Twitter exchange which produced an interesting factlet: George Bush didn’t invent the word. Here it is in an 1845 short story by Mark Lemon, the founder of Punch, titled “Never Trust to Outward Appearances”:

The particular strategery spoken of here involves one Caleb Botts, who was negotiating to marry away his daughter Fanny for his own benefit, but eventually gets outsmarted. I just thought you’d all like to know.

UPDATE: Sorry. I’m reminded in comments that “strategery” was invented by Will Farrell in an SNL spoof of George Bush. As happens so often, fiction replaces reality in our memories.

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Etymology of the Day: Strategery

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Maps: The Mysterious Link Between Antibiotics and Obesity

Mother Jones

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Lately, I’ve been fascinated by a study on antibiotic prescription rates across the United States that was recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The researchers found a surprisingly wide variation among the states, and the rates—expressed in terms of prescriptions per 1,000 people—seemed to follow a geographical pattern: The Southeast had the highest rates, while the West’s were lower. West Virginia had the most prescriptions, and Alaska had the fewest. The rest of the country fell somewhere in between. Here’s a map of the findings:

As I thought more about the map, I wondered whether the prescription rates followed any demographic patterns. Lauri Hicks, a lead author of the study and a medical epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, told me that her team had initially expected to find certain correlations—for example, higher prescription rates in states with large elderly populations. But that didn’t turn out to be the case. Take Florida, which has a sizeable elderly population, but only an average antibiotic prescription rate.

Yet Hicks’ team did find one very strong correlation: The states with higher rates of antibiotic use also tended to have higher obesity rates. Take a look at this map of obesity rates by state and see how it reflects the antibiotics map above:

When we mashed up the data behind these maps, we confirmed the strong correlation between obesity and antibiotic prescription rates (we got an r of 0.74, for the statistically inclined). We also found a correlation between the states’ median household incomes and antibiotic prescription rates: States with below-average median incomes tend to have higher antibiotic prescription rates. This makes sense, considering that high obesity rates correlate with low income levels. (You can see the data sets for antibiotic prescription rate, obesity, and median household income level here.)

Hicks and her team can’t yet explain the connection between obesity and high rates of antibiotic prescription. “There might be reasons that more obese people need antibiotics,” she says. “But it also could be that antibiotic use is leading to obesity.”

Indeed, a growing body of evidence suggests that antibiotics might be linked to weight gain. A 2012 New York University study found that antibiotic use in the first six months of life was linked with obesity later on. Another 2012 NYU study found that mice given antibiotics gained more weight than their drug-free counterparts. As my colleague Tom Philpott has noted repeatedly, livestock operations routinely dose animals with low levels of antibiotics to promote growth.

No one knows exactly how antibiotics help animals (and possibly humans) pack on the pounds, but there are some theories. One is that antibiotics change the composition of the microbiome, the community of microorganisms in your body that scientists are just beginning to understand. (For a more in-depth look at the connection between bacteria and weight loss, read Moises Velasquez-Manoff’s piece on the topic.)

Hicks says that more research is needed on the potential connection between antibiotics and obesity. But there are other reasons for doctors to change the way they prescribe antibiotics. As I noted a few weeks back, a recent study in JAMA Internal Medicine found that doctors commonly prescribe antibiotics for symptoms such as sore throat and bronchitis—which don’t usually require the drugs. Considering that bacteria are already evolving to withstand many antibiotics, it’s probably time to figure out how to use them more prudently.

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Maps: The Mysterious Link Between Antibiotics and Obesity

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Climate change expected to bring more thunder, hail, and tornadoes

Climate change expected to bring more thunder, hail, and tornadoes

Jerry Bowley

Conditions are ripe for more tornadoes.

Hail-spitting, tornado-spawning thunderstorms are likely to occur more frequently in the U.S. as the climate changes.

That’s according to new research that found the two main ingredients needed to produce these intense storms are likely to occur simultaneously with growing frequency as greenhouse-gas levels continue their meteoric rise.

The research could help explain this spring’s remarkably deadly tornado season, though it doesn’t explain the long calm that preceded it.

Severe thunderstorms typically occur when wind speeds high in the sky exceed those nearer the ground, and when there are also fast updrafts. As the climate changes, these two weather conditions will coincide more often, according to the results of modeling published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

“We’re seeing that global warming produces more days with high [convective available potential energy] and sufficient shear to form severe thunderstorms,” lead researcher Noah Diffenbaugh of Stanford University said in a statement. “We are looking at the conditions that produce severe events, which are relatively rare at present. … The changes during spring represent an increase of about 40 percent over the eastern U.S. by the late 21st century.”

And it’s not just spring thunderstorms that are forecast to occur more frequently; the researchers expect more big storms in every season. Get ready to bunker down.

John Upton is a science fan and green news boffin who tweets, posts articles to Facebook, and blogs about ecology. He welcomes reader questions, tips, and incoherent rants: johnupton@gmail.com.Find this article interesting? Donate now to support our work.Read more: Climate & Energy

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Climate change expected to bring more thunder, hail, and tornadoes

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Domino Update

Mother Jones

I don’t want to keep you all on the edge of your seats, so here’s the news: Domino has a hyperactive thyroid. This is what’s causing her lack of appetite and weight loss. We’re going to put her on a low-iodine diet and hopefully this will clear everything up. She also got a flea bath today, and tomorrow I’ll de-flea the house. That should take care of her flea-related itchiness.

With any luck, this will fix all our problems. All our cat problems, anyway.

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Domino Update

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Why the Latest Zimmerman Race Riot Conspiracy Theory Is the Dumbest Yet

Mother Jones

The conservative blogosphere is brewing with ominous warnings about the inevitable riots they think will come if George Zimmerman is acquitted of charges related to his killing of unarmed teen Trayvon Martin. (My colleague Lauren Williams has rightly questioned this mania here.) An email this week from Everett Wilkinson, a former tea party leader in Florida who now runs something called the Nation Liberty Federation, outlines many of the leading (and recurring) conspiracy theories about the verdict’s aftermath, which he naturally thinks will include riots: martial law. FEMA camps. But he offers up some of the new ones, too.

Among those is the suggestion that the New Black Panther Party is busing people to Florida for the specific purpose of inciting riots after Zimmerman presumably walks out of court a free man. Wilkinson writes:

Reports have come in from eye witnesses in Sanford, Florida that the New Black Panther Party, an extremist group that has called for the killing of George Zimmerman if he is found not guilty, is busing in thousands to that town. Sanford is the location of the trial and near the place where the shooting of Trayvon Martin by Zimmerman occurred. There have been threats of riots if Zimmerman is not found guilty and it is believed that the New Black Panther Party and other extremist groups will attempt to take advantage of racial tensions after a non guilty verdict by organizing riots.

Wilkinson points out that the New Black Panthers supposedly put out a “dead or alive” poster with Zimmerman’s face on it last year—proof that the “eye witnesses” in Sanford must be right. He writes ominously, “When Zimmerman was first arrested the Black Panthers threatened to burn the whole state of Florida down.” Wilkinson suggests that the Obama administration might be bringing in Russian soldiers to fight off the angry mobs (through FEMA, naturally), a claim that follows on the heels of his suggestion earlier this year that Russian intelligence was warning that President Obama was creating teams of “death squads,” a story that originated on a hoax website.

Clearly Wilkinson doesn’t know much about the New Black Panthers aside from the overhyped reports about them on Fox News during the past few presidential campaigns. For one thing, they probably don’t need a bus. Most of their members could fit in a taxi. And they’re not especially good at organizing anything, even voter intimidation. Their erstwhile leader, Malik Zulu Shabazz, got his start in DC in the 1990s while at Howard University’s law school, running as a candidate for the DC city council and trying to organize boycotts of Korean merchants in DC’s poor, black neighborhoods. His first moment in the limelight came after he organized anti-Semitic chants at a Howard rally in 1994. Shabazz was good at getting himself in the news and not much else. Little has changed in that regard since 1995, when now-Slate editor David Plotz wrote this seminal profile of the guy. (A sampling: “Seated in the tiny chair in the tiny room, Shabazz looks somewhat like an overgrown schoolboy—an impression magnified by the large zit erupting beneath his right nostril.”)

The reports and emails from Nation Liberty Federation vastly overestimate the potential of the Panthers to mobilize people. The Panthers themselves tweeted recently that even they don’t think they could organize the kind of chaos conservatives warn about, saying, “If Zimmerman is acquitted there is likely to be unrest all over America. It will be way beyond the capacity of the NBPP.” (The NBPP tweet that they will not be engaging in any unlawful activity, either.)

The Nation Liberty Federation’s rhetoric suggests that if there are going to be riots after a verdict, the people we might want to be worried about are the white ones. Wilkinson, who is white, has some advice for readers on protecting themselves against “flash mobs”:

The obvious things you need are firearms, ammunition, maps, food, water, full tank of gas and/or “Bug Out Bag Survival Bag” and/or “Urban Survival Kit.” I would also highly recommend a CB radio or ham radio because the cell phone towers may be overloaded or shut off.

One of the reason’s why Americans beat the British is because they organized as militia units. Remember also Korean shop owners that protected their shops during the LA riots. We must learn to work as teams. Talk to your friends and family and come up with a plan to protect as a unit.

We are expecting martial law declared, similar to Boston or Katrina Hurricane, in any area affected by riots or that Obama feels wants to control. Unless you like the idea of spending anytime in a FEMA Camp, I would recommend bugging out of the area at the first sign of unrest if you live in an infected area. Plan on having to be on the the move within 15 minutes of an riot…

Don’t be surprised if Russian or other foreign troops come to help the DHS! Rumor has it that Obama has positioned at least 15,000 Russian troops.

If you find yourself in the immediate area of a “flash mob,” riot or protest, leave immediately. This is not the time to be hero or argue. You will only become a victim. Hopefully you have a firearm to defend yourself, but you need to use it to help you extract from the area. In other words, “shoot, scoot and run.”

It wouldn’t take many paranoid, angry gun owners to create a bloodbath in Florida after a Zimmerman verdict, a prospect that seems far more frightening than Malik Shabazz and a cab full of New Black Panthers.

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Why the Latest Zimmerman Race Riot Conspiracy Theory Is the Dumbest Yet

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A Museum in New York City Is Exhibiting Fragments of a Melting Glacier

Photo: MoMa Ps1

For most people, seeing a glacier requires a visit to a foreign country or remote corner of wilderness. But not for New Yorkers, at this particular moment. Danish-Icelandic artist Olafur Eliasson has imported pieces of a crumpling, melting glacier from Iceland into a New York City art gallery. National Geographic reports:

Entering the gallery is an awe-inspiring experience. (This is especially true in the heat of the summer.) You are in the middle of a white, frigid room, surrounded by several glaciers scattered around seemingly at random. Each glacier has its own unique tint, shape, and character. Some are rhombic and upright, others curl like fists into the floor, and others are belly down on the ground, almost gliding, like stingrays. Colors range from pale blue to clear (the bluer the ice, the denser the glacier). Some were smaller than a porcupine, while others were larger than a black bear.

The glacier chunks came from Vatnajökull, the largest ice cap in Europe, which is actively melting. Eliasson and his friends only collected pieces of the glacier that had already fallen off, and they used cold containers normally reserved for transporting fish in order to bring the glacier pieces to New York. Each piece, they estimate, has been frozen for around 800 years.

In order to preserve the ice’s shape, NatGeo reports, the museum transformed a walk-in gallery into a freezer.

As some critics have pointed out, keeping the room sufficiently cool requires a lot of energy, although the air conditioner at PS1 is fueled in part by the museum’s recently installed solar roof panels. The temperature ranged from 5°F to 20°F on the day of my visit.

If Eliasson gets his way, however, the energetic costs of temporarily preserving the glacier will be worth it. His exhibition aims to educate people about climate change, with the ultimate hope that they will become more engaged in the issue after taking an up-close look at climate change’s effects.

The glacier can be seen at MoMA PS1 in Queens until September 2. After that, the ice will be relinquished to its fate, as a melted puddle.

More from Smithsonian.com:

Caleb Cain Marcus’ Photos of Glaciers on a Disappearing Horizon
Super High Res Photo of Mt Everest Shows Glacier Melt (But No Bodies) 

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A Museum in New York City Is Exhibiting Fragments of a Melting Glacier

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Elizabeth Warren to Hold Emergency Briefing on Student Debt

Mother Jones

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On Monday night, Sen. Elizabeth Warren will hold an “emergency briefing” on student debt with the progressive policy group MoveOn.org. The senator will take calls from students, parents, and graduates struggling with student loan debt to discuss “the student loan fight, and understand some potential solutions,” MoveOn said in an email blast Monday.

Since 2004, student loan debt has tripled, and now stands close to $1 trillion. On July 1, rates for Stafford loans are set to double from 3.4 percent to 6.8 percent. The deadline has lawmakers scrambling for a fix. There are a bunch of proposals out there, including Warren’s call for students to be allowed to pay the low, low rate that big banks pay the Federal Reserve for their short-term borrowing; a plan President Barack Obama laid out in his budget in April; and the GOP plan that just passed the House, which Warren and Obama hate.

The GOP bill would allow interest rates on student loans to rise or fall from year to year with the government’s cost of borrowing, ending the current system under which rates are fixed by law. Because market rates are low right now, the initial rate for the loans envisioned by the Republican bill would be about 4.4 percent, but the legislation would allow them to rise to as much as 8.5 percent. Warren says the plan would turn students into “a profit center.”

Under Obama’s plan, the interest rate at which student loans are issued would vary depending on the economy, but once the student has borrowed the money, the interest rate would be fixed for the life of the loan, allowing students to plan for consistent payments. Obama’s plan would also aid low-income borrowers by letting them cap their monthly loan payments to 10 percent of their income after graduation.

Warren’s proposal, the Bank on Students Loan Fairness Act, would act as a one-year patch, cutting student loan rates to the same low .75 percent interest rate that banks pay to the Fed for short-term loans. After a year, a longer-term student loan solution would be drawn up. (Here is a round-up of all the plans, plus some nice charts.) Warren’s bill has drawn praise from students and advocates around the country. MoveOn said in an email blast that more than 434,000 of their members have voiced support for the legislation.

But MoveOn wants more students, graduates, and parents to get involved in influencing the outcome of legislation that will determine how much money they spend on education debt over a lifetime. The Monday briefing is part of that effort. “We can win this fight and show that Congress needs to respond to an agenda that works for us,” MoveOn said in a statement, “But only if we organize together in our communities, on college campuses, and everywhere our representatives can see us.”

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Elizabeth Warren to Hold Emergency Briefing on Student Debt

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