Tag Archives: neurology

Looking for Spinoza – Antonio Damasio

by Myrna Posted on July 26, 2018

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Looking for Spinoza

Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain

Antonio Damasio

Genre: History

Price: $2.99

Publish Date: December 1, 2003

Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Seller: OpenRoad Integrated Media, LLC


A famed neuroscientist explores the emotions that make life worth living in “clear, accessible, and at times eloquent prose” ( San Francisco Chronicle ).   In the seventeenth century, the philosopher Spinoza examined the role emotion played in human survival and culture. Yet, the neurobiological roots of joy and sorrow remained a mystery. Today, we spend countless resources doctoring our feelings with alcohol, prescription drugs, health clubs, therapy, vacation retreats, and other sorts of consumption; yet the inner workings of our minds—what feelings are, how they work, and what they mean—are still largely an unexplored frontier.   Here, bestselling author and distinguished scientist Antonio Demasio concludes the groundbreaking trilogy he began with Descartes’ Error by drawing on his innovative research and experience with neurological patients to examine the cerebral processes of human emotion . With scientific expertise and “a flair for writing,” he navigates the neurology of feelings ( The New York Review of Books ).   “Damasio has the rare talent of rendering science intelligible while also being gifted in philosophy, literature and wit.” —Margaret Jacob, Los Angeles Times   “Exceptionally engaging and profoundly gratifying . . . Achieves a unique combination of scientific exposition, historical discovery and deep personal statement regarding the human condition.” — Nature   “Damasio . . . succeeds in making the latest brain research accessible to the general reader, while his passionate Spinozist reflections make that data relevant to everyday life.” — Publishers Weekly

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Looking for Spinoza – Antonio Damasio

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Added Sugar Is Your Enemy, Not Aspartame

by CharlieRodgers Posted on July 27, 2015

Mother Jones

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Why does anyone still choose sugared sodas over artificially-sweetened sodas? One reason is taste. If you don’t like the taste of aspartame or saccharin, then that’s that. Another reason might be a rare medical condition that makes you allergic (or worse) to certain artificial sweeteners.

But that probably accounts for only a small fraction of the people who continue to drink sugared sodas. The rest are most likely convinced that artificial sweeteners are bad for you. But they’re wrong. It’s sugar that’s bad for you. Aaron Carroll brings the research:

One of the oldest artificial sweeteners is saccharin. Starting in the 1980s, Congress mandated that any product containing it be accompanied by the following: “Use of this product may be hazardous to your health. This product contains saccharin, which has been determined to cause cancer in laboratory animals.”….There was a problem, though. This link has never been confirmed in humans….Based on these newer studies, saccharin was removed from the carcinogen list in 2000. But by that time, opinions were set. It did little to make anyone feel safe.

….Aspartame was introduced in the United States around the time that saccharin began taking a beating….But in 1996, a study was published in The Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology titled “Increasing Brain Tumor Rates: Is There a Link to Aspartame?” Most people ignored the question mark….There were any number of problems with this logic….Because aspartame was approved in 1981, blaming it for a rise in tumors in the 1970s seems impossible. Finally, much more comprehensive studies couldn’t find links….A safety review from 2007, published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, found that aspartame had been studied extensively and that the evidence showed that it was safe.

….But what about sugar?….Epidemiologic studies have found that even after controlling for other factors, one’s intake of added sugars is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes, with a 1.1 percent increase in prevalence for each can of sugar-sweetened soda. A study following people for an average of more than 14 years published last year in JAMA Internal Medicine found that those in the highest quintile of added sugar consumption had more than twice the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease than those in the lowest quintile, even after controlling for many other factors.

Anyway, that’s what science says. Unfortunately, science also says that presenting facts to people almost never changes their minds. In fact, it can do just the opposite as people respond defensively to the notion that they’ve been wrong for a long time. So I suppose no one reading this is actually going to switch to diet sodas. Instead they’ll cherry-pick studies that support their previous point of view. Or claim that all the studies exonerating artificial sweeteners are funded by big business and not to be trusted. Or perhaps make an outré claim about how aspartame interacts with gluten and animal fat to produce….something or other.

That’s life, I guess. However, I suggest that you swamp Professor Carroll’s inbox with all these insights instead of bothering me with them. He’s the expert after all. Or, just switch to water. Then you won’t have to worry about it.

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Added Sugar Is Your Enemy, Not Aspartame

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Study: Air Pollution May Make Your Brain Age Faster

by LaylaS95wbhh Posted on June 24, 2015

Mother Jones

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If you want to prevent cognitive decline with old age, doctors have long recommended eating well, getting enough rest, exercising, reading plenty of books, and staying socially active. Pretty soon, they might start recommending a move out to the countryside.

Living in places with high levels of air pollution, such as cities and along busy highways, may accelerate aging of the brain. In a new study published in the Annals of Neurology, researchers found that over time, increased exposure to air pollution in a group of elderly women without dementia led to significant decreases in their brains’ white matter, which is important for cognition.

The researchers, led by Dr. Jiu-Chiuan Chen of the University of Southern California, looked in particular at exposure to fine particles, which can come from fires, coal-fired power plants, agricultural and industrial emissions, and especially cars and trucks. These particles, which are about 36 times finer than a grain of sand, can enter the lungs and travel into the bloodstream, causing serious damage to the body. The researchers estimated air pollution exposure for a group of 1,403 elderly women from 1999 to 2006, and found that those who were exposed to an increase of 3.49 micrograms of fine particles per cubic meter of air—similar to the increase in pollution you’d get by moving right next to a busy road—experienced a decrease in white matter volume as if their brains had aged an extra one or two years.

These findings support a growing body of new evidence—uncovered today in a Mother Jones investigation by Aaron Reuben—that suggests air pollution’s assault on the body goes much deeper than we previously believed. While scientists have long understood that exposure to fine particles is linked with increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases, as well as respiratory illnesses and cancers, they are only just beginning to suspect that this type of pollution may also be leading to or exacerbating degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

As Reuben reports, when we inhale fine particles, they can actually travel along a pathway from our noses directly into our brains. This results in inflammation, the body’s natural response to pathogens that, over time, can lead to a wide range of chronic diseases. Over the past decade or so, a number of studies, controlling for things like ethnicity, income, education, and other environmental factors, have shown that elderly people living in polluted places seem to lose their mental abilities faster, show more predementia symptoms, and develop Alzheimer’s disease at greater rates than those who breathe cleaner air. Even children in polluted places have shown signs of brain trauma. To learn more about the terrifying new science behind these findings, check out Reuben’s full investigation here.

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Study: Air Pollution May Make Your Brain Age Faster

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