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5 Ways Spending Time in Nature Benefits Your Brain

Your brain doesn?t need an expensive supplement or trendy superfood to stay healthy. Research shows all you need to do is spend some time in nature. This can include many different natural environments, such as city parks, farms, beaches, wilderness areas or your home garden. The most important part is to find somewhere with as many living things and as little evidence of human presence as possible.

Although, this can be easier said than done. Over 50 percent of people now live in urban areas, which is estimated to rise to 70 percent by 2050. And urbanization is taking a toll on our brain function and mental health. City dwellers have a higher risk of depression, anxiety, mood disorders and schizophrenia compared to those who live in rural areas.

You owe it to yourself and your mental health to make a habit of spending time in nature. Take your dog for a walk in your local city park. Plan excursions to wilderness areas near your home. Or sit in your backyard and watch the birds for a while. You?ll be doing your brain a big favor.

HOW NATURE BENEFITS YOUR BRAIN

1. Boosts Creativity and Problem-Solving Skills

Not only are more of us living in urban areas, we?re also rapidly increasing our use of technology. Working on computers, checking cell phones and otherwise interacting with electronic devices is shown to place heavy demands on your brain?s ability to focus and process information.

Researchers at the University of London investigated the effects of nature to rebalance this technological drain on our cognitive abilities. They took a group of adults backpacking in the wilderness for 4 days where they were not allowed to use any technology whatsoever. They were asked to complete tasks that required creative thinking and complex problem solving before the trip, and again at the end. Their performance on the tasks improved by an impressive 50 percent after spending 4 tech-free days in nature.

2. Promotes Compassion and Generosity

Looking at a beautiful forest, beach or other natural scene gives many of us a sense of awe or wonder. And this sense of awe is shown to increase our feelings of caring and connectedness towards others.

In a series of studies, one research group found that when you experience awe, it increases your ethical decision-making abilities, generosity and positive social behaviors, such as being helpful and cooperative. Researchers suggest this is because awe often gives you a sense that you are a small part of something bigger, which seems to encourage a shift to caring about how you relate to others and your community rather than simply yourself.

3. Sharpens Mental Focus

A University of Michigan study asked participants to complete a memory test, go for a walk, then repeat the test again after they returned. One half of the group walked through a local arboretum and the other half walked down a busy city street. Those who had walked among the trees improved their performance on the memory test by almost 20 percent. Whereas, the city walkers had no noticeable improvement.

Researchers believe this is because being in a city requires your brain to process far more information compared to being in a natural setting. If you?re constantly being bombarded by city life, your brain essentially gets tired. Viewing nature gives your brain a chance to take a break, which allows it to come back to cognitively demanding tasks with renewed energy.

Interestingly, the study also found you don?t even need to enjoy your time in nature to benefit. The benefits were similar when participants walked outside on a warm summer day or a freezing day during winter. The only difference was that participants enjoyed the summer walks more than those in the depths of winter.

4. Stops Negative, Obsessive Thinking

Dwelling too much on things you feel are wrong with yourself or your life is not healthy. Habitually ruminating on negative thoughts like this is known to put you at risk for depression and other mental illnesses. It?s also been found to be much more common among those who live in cities. Although, simply taking a walk in your local city park is shown to combat this tendency.

In a recent study, participants reported their amount of rumination before and after a walk in a natural or an urban area. Those who walked for 90 minutes in nature reported a decrease in their negative thinking. They also had reduced activity in the subgenual prefrontal cortex of the brain, an area related to mental illness. Those who walked through an urban area reported no reduction in rumination, and their brain scans also showed no improvement.

5. Helps ADHD

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood. Symptoms often include an unusually high level of inattention, impulsivity and/or hyperactivity. A national study found that common after-school and weekend activities done in natural, outdoor environments may be effective in reducing these symptoms, such as simply reading in your backyard instead of inside. Researchers felt this could provide a widely available, free and non-pharmaceutical way to help those with ADHD.

Related on Care2

Why a Walk in the Woods Is Vital for Your Health: The Science Behind Forest Bathing
4 Ways to Reduce the Damage of Prolonged Sitting
7 Proven Health Benefits of Prayer

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Disclaimer: The views expressed above are solely those of the author and may not reflect those of Care2, Inc., its employees or advertisers.

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5 Ways Spending Time in Nature Benefits Your Brain

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5 Ways Spending Time in Nature Benefits Your Brain

Your brain doesn?t need an expensive supplement or trendy superfood to stay healthy. Research shows all you need to do is spend some time in nature. This can include many different natural environments, such as city parks, farms, beaches, wilderness areas or your home garden. The most important part is to find somewhere with as many living things and as little evidence of human presence as possible.

Although, this can be easier said than done. Over 50 percent of people now live in urban areas, which is estimated to rise to 70 percent by 2050. And urbanization is taking a toll on our brain function and mental health. City dwellers have a higher risk of depression, anxiety, mood disorders and schizophrenia compared to those who live in rural areas.

You owe it to yourself and your mental health to make a habit of spending time in nature. Take your dog for a walk in your local city park. Plan excursions to wilderness areas near your home. Or sit in your backyard and watch the birds for a while. You?ll be doing your brain a big favor.

HOW NATURE BENEFITS YOUR BRAIN

1. Boosts Creativity and Problem-Solving Skills

Not only are more of us living in urban areas, we?re also rapidly increasing our use of technology. Working on computers, checking cell phones and otherwise interacting with electronic devices is shown to place heavy demands on your brain?s ability to focus and process information.

Researchers at the University of London investigated the effects of nature to rebalance this technological drain on our cognitive abilities. They took a group of adults backpacking in the wilderness for 4 days where they were not allowed to use any technology whatsoever. They were asked to complete tasks that required creative thinking and complex problem solving before the trip, and again at the end. Their performance on the tasks improved by an impressive 50 percent after spending 4 tech-free days in nature.

2. Promotes Compassion and Generosity

Looking at a beautiful forest, beach or other natural scene gives many of us a sense of awe or wonder. And this sense of awe is shown to increase our feelings of caring and connectedness towards others.

In a series of studies, one research group found that when you experience awe, it increases your ethical decision-making abilities, generosity and positive social behaviors, such as being helpful and cooperative. Researchers suggest this is because awe often gives you a sense that you are a small part of something bigger, which seems to encourage a shift to caring about how you relate to others and your community rather than simply yourself.

3. Sharpens Mental Focus

A University of Michigan study asked participants to complete a memory test, go for a walk, then repeat the test again after they returned. One half of the group walked through a local arboretum and the other half walked down a busy city street. Those who had walked among the trees improved their performance on the memory test by almost 20 percent. Whereas, the city walkers had no noticeable improvement.

Researchers believe this is because being in a city requires your brain to process far more information compared to being in a natural setting. If you?re constantly being bombarded by city life, your brain essentially gets tired. Viewing nature gives your brain a chance to take a break, which allows it to come back to cognitively demanding tasks with renewed energy.

Interestingly, the study also found you don?t even need to enjoy your time in nature to benefit. The benefits were similar when participants walked outside on a warm summer day or a freezing day during winter. The only difference was that participants enjoyed the summer walks more than those in the depths of winter.

4. Stops Negative, Obsessive Thinking

Dwelling too much on things you feel are wrong with yourself or your life is not healthy. Habitually ruminating on negative thoughts like this is known to put you at risk for depression and other mental illnesses. It?s also been found to be much more common among those who live in cities. Although, simply taking a walk in your local city park is shown to combat this tendency.

In a recent study, participants reported their amount of rumination before and after a walk in a natural or an urban area. Those who walked for 90 minutes in nature reported a decrease in their negative thinking. They also had reduced activity in the subgenual prefrontal cortex of the brain, an area related to mental illness. Those who walked through an urban area reported no reduction in rumination, and their brain scans also showed no improvement.

5. Helps ADHD

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood. Symptoms often include an unusually high level of inattention, impulsivity and/or hyperactivity. A national study found that common after-school and weekend activities done in natural, outdoor environments may be effective in reducing these symptoms, such as simply reading in your backyard instead of inside. Researchers felt this could provide a widely available, free and non-pharmaceutical way to help those with ADHD.

Related on Care2

Why a Walk in the Woods Is Vital for Your Health: The Science Behind Forest Bathing
4 Ways to Reduce the Damage of Prolonged Sitting
7 Proven Health Benefits of Prayer

?

?

Disclaimer: The views expressed above are solely those of the author and may not reflect those of Care2, Inc., its employees or advertisers.

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5 Ways Spending Time in Nature Benefits Your Brain

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Never Cry Wolf – Farley Mowat

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Never Cry Wolf

Farley Mowat

Genre: Nature

Price: $11.99

Publish Date: August 4, 2015

Publisher: Open Road Media

Seller: OpenRoad Integrated Media, LLC


This international bestseller that changed the way we look at wolves “opens new horizons in understanding animal nature and intelligence” ( Newsday ). In 1948, Farley Mowat landed in the far north of Manitoba, Canada, a young biologist sent to investigate the region’s dwindling population of caribou. Many people thought that the caribous’ conspicuous decline had been caused by the tundra’s most notorious predator: the wolf. Alone among the howling canine packs, Mowat expected to find the bloodthirsty beasts of popular conception. Instead, over the course of a summer spent observing the powerful animals, Mowat discovered an animal species with a remarkable capacity for loyalty, virtue, and playfulness.   Praised for its humor and engrossing narrative, Never Cry Wolf describes a group of wolves whose interactions and behaviors seem strikingly similar to our own. Mowat humanizes these animals that have long been demonized, turning the widespread narrative of the “savage wolf” on its head and inspiring many governments to enact protective legislation for the North’s most mysterious creature. “An engaging book . . . written with grace and skill . . . Fascinating.” — The New York Times   “ Never Cry Wolf is a pioneering book in restoring the good name of that maligned creature. . . . Mowat is so enjoyable to read.” — The Wall Street Journal   “Mowat’s writing mixes self-deprecating humor, outrage over man’s understanding and misuse of the wilds, and a sense of self-discovery.” — Time   “By writing Never Cry Wolf , Mowat almost single-handedly reversed the public’s image of the wolf, from feared vermin to romantic symbol of the wilderness.” — Los Angeles Times Book Review   “Mowat’s writing is lean, evocative, haunting. And beneath his ‘achromatic landscapes,’ he uncovers surprise, complexity, magnificence.” — The Christian Science Monitor   “Opens new horizons in understanding animal nature and intelligence, cuts to ribbons the legendary stereotype of the wolf, and leavens sentiment with laughter.” — Newsday Farley McGill Mowat (1921–2014) was born in Belleville, Ontario. The author of more than forty books, he was a popular and distinguished naturalist and conservationist whose internationally acclaimed novels, books for young readers, and memoirs have been translated into fifty-two languages and have sold more than seventeen million copies. Mowat’s oeuvre includes People of the Deer ; Lost in the Barrens , a recipient of Canada’s Governor General’s Award; The Boat Who Wouldn’t Float ; A Whale for the Killing ; The Snow Walker ; and Virguga: The Passion of Dian Fossy .    Mowat is most widely known for his 1963 book Never Cry Wolf , which recounts his adventures as a biologist on a solo mission in 1946 to study Arctic wolves in the Keewatin Barren Lands in northern Manitoba. The book is credited with changing the stereotypically negative perception of wolves as vicious killers.  New York Times op-ed columnist Nicholas D. Kristof named Mowat’s  The Dog Who Wouldn’t Be , first published in 1957, one of the best children’s books of all time.   Mowat served in World War II from 1940 to 1945, entering the army as a private and emerging with the rank of captain. He began writing professionally in 1949 after spending two years in the Arctic. He was an inveterate traveler with a passion for remote places and peoples.    Mowat was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1981. In 2002 the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society named a ship for him in recognition of his activism against the whaling industry.

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Should You Buy Organic Wine?

While organic produce may be increasing in popularity, it is surprising how many organic devotees give little thought to their wine. Wine is made from grapes, a highly pesticide-sprayed crop, which would lead many to believe that purchasing organic wine would be a top priority for health-conscious wine drinkers.

But are wines often affected by pesticide and herbicide use? What are sulfites, and should you worry about their presence in your wine? And finally, is it really worth it to go organic when it comes to your vino?

Organic vs. Biodynamic

While grapes are indeed a highly sprayed crop, a USDA organic label may be slightly less meaningful in winemaking than it is in other areas of agriculture. To be certified organic in the United States, winemakers must not only avoid using pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals on their grapes, they must also steer clear of sulfites, which many winemakers prefer not to do ? wine lovers tend not to like the taste of sulfite-free wine. As a result, many of the highest-quality, top-rated wines out there do not apply for an organic label.

So how can you avoid pesticides and herbicides in your wine while and ensure you’re getting a high-quality vino without sacrificing flavor? Many wine lovers look instead for the word “biodynamic” in wines. Though not regulated by the USDA, this term is used by fine wine makers to refer to a synergistic growing process that encompasses natural, eco-friendly practices and the avoidance lack of chemicals and additives.

Sulfites in Wine

Okay, so you’re on the hunt for a naturally grown biodynamic vino that is?crafted in a rich environment and lovingly crafted by expert winemakers. Should you worry about sulfites?

The truth is, sulfites ? essentially, sulfur that is naturally occurring in wine and also added to wine as a preservative to keep its flavor stable ? aren’t a big deal for people who are not sensitive to them. According to Wine Folly, 5 to 10 percent of people have asthma sensitivities to sulfites, which can cause major health issues if sulfites are consumed in excess. For these people, sulfite-free wines are probably a must. But for everyone else, they’re probably not a huge deal. And furthermore, if you are concerned about reducing your sulfite exposure but feel that a high-quality, artisan wine is a treat you enjoy, you may be better served by giving up french fries or dried fruit, both of which contain much larger amounts of sulfites than wines.

Image via Wine Folly.

Where to Find High-Quality Wines

In case you haven’t already gathered, finding a high-quality, non-toxic wine can be difficult, because wine growers don’t tend to want to sacrifice the quality of their wine (which does happen when sulfites are removed) for an organic label. Here are some tips for finding safe, high-quality wines you can trust:

Ask the attendant at a small, locally owned wine store to point you in the direction of wines that are not sold and distributed by large, behemoth companies. Smaller distributors tend to carry wines that are made by true wine artisans and small vineyards.
Purchase your wine at a local vineyard to enjoy the specific terroir of your home region. Be sure to ask the vintner about their pesticide and herbicide use practices.
Look for wines labeled “biodynamic.”
Consider a subscription service such as Dry Farm Wines.
If you are vegan, be sure to look for wines that are labeled as “vegan,” as even USDA organic wines are allowed to filter their wines through animal-derived “fining agents,” according to Dr. Weil.

Related Articles:

Is Your Honey Loaded With Pesticides?
Are Pesticides Making You Sick and Fat?
How to Tell If Your Wine Habit is Healthy

Disclaimer: The views expressed above are solely those of the author and may not reflect those of Care2, Inc., its employees or advertisers.

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Native American tribes come together to protect Bears Ears from Trump

This story was originally published by HuffPost and is reproduced here as part of the Climate Desk collaboration.

Members of the Native American tribes that once came together to petition for the creation of Bears Ears National Monument gathered near the site Sunday to share stories about their connections to the sprawling landscape that the Trump administration recently stripped of certain federal protections.

Named after a pair of buttes, Bears Ears is home to thousands of Native American archeological and cultural sites and is considered sacred to many tribes. Tribal elders and other members of the Navajo Nation, Hopi, Zuni, and Ute Mountain Ute tribes made it clear at the gathering that they are focused on ensuring the area is given the protections they believe it deserves: nothing less than the 1.35 million acres set aside by President Barack Obama in 2016.

Malcolm Lehi, a member of the Ute Mountain Ute tribe who lives near White Mesa, said energy is building in indigenous communities, and lawmakers and government officials can’t turn a blind eye.

“It’s a really strong movement,” he said. “I like what I see.”

In December, on the recommendation of Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke, President Donald Trump reduced Bears Ears by 85 percent, cutting it to 201,876 acres, and divided it into two disconnected areas. The Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition, the group of tribes that petitioned for monument status, condemned the move — which opened the door for new mining claims — and filed a legal challenge.

That Trump decided to gut Bears Ears came as no surprise, given comments he and Zinke made early in their review of the area.

The national monument designation “should never have happened” and was made “over the profound objections” of Utah citizens, Trump said at an executive order signing ceremony. And in a summary report in August, Zinke said the overwhelming number of public comments in support of maintaining the size of Bears Ears and other monuments was simply due to “a well-orchestrated national campaign organized by multiple organizations.”

The last few months have only further confirmed critics’ fears about the administration’s motives. Uranium mining company Energy Fuels Resources, a U.S. subsidiary of a Canadian firm, lobbied the administration to dramatically reduce the monument’s size, the Washington Post reported in December. And the New York Times obtained emails via a public records request that show potential future oil extraction played a central role in the decision.

The storytelling event on Sunday was organized by Utah Diné Bikéyah, a nonprofit organization working to safeguard Bears Ears and other ancestral lands, and came a little more than a week ahead of public scoping meetings that the Bureau of Land Management is hosting as it plans for how to manage the new, smaller monument.

Tara Benally, of the Navajo Nation, said Bears Ears has sustained her people for generations, and that they still use the area for religious ceremonies and to collect food and traditional medicinal plants.

“Losing Bears Ears to a cloud of industrial smoke from extraction and mining does not keep that preservation of life for us,” she said.

Clark Tenakhongva, an artist and the vice chairman of the Hopi Tribe, echoed that message. The Hopi, he said, believe they were the first to occupy this area and feel a responsibility to protect it.

“We do not want or believe that mining is good for our people,” he said at the event. “It may bring revenue, but what are we doing to the Earth?”

The tribes say they were ignored throughout the administration’s months-long review — a claim the Interior Department has dismissed. Zinke did meet with representatives of the tribal coalition last year, but for just one hour. He also toured Bears Ears with several monument opponents, including Utah’s Republican Governor Gary Herbert and commissioners of San Juan County, where the monument is located.

Zinke sparred with Arizona’s Democratic Representative Ruben Gallego on this topic during a congressional budget hearing last week. Gallego, who has introduced legislation that would protect the monument’s original boundary, asked the former Montana congressman about how many times he had met with industry representatives versus coalition members. Zinke said “all sides were represented” in his recommendation to Trump.

Gallego toured Bears Ears over the weekend and ended his visit with a stop at Utah Diné Bikéyah’s event. He told HuffPost that meeting with tribal members and hearing stories about their connections to the area only reinforced for him that the area is worth preserving. Shrinking the monument is an attack on the United States’ public lands and is “stripping parts of, I would say, people’s souls, because the Native American population here is so connected with that,” he said.

Gallego added that he expects “a monumental fight” — one he sees the Trump administration ultimately losing, whether in court or via congressional action.

“People are excited about protecting Bears Ears,” he told tribal members. “It’s something we have to continue to work on. But what I see for the first time in a long time is that the movement to protect Bears Ears is on the offense.”

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Native American tribes come together to protect Bears Ears from Trump

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Indica vs Sativa: Are These Useful Titles or Just Smoke and Mirrors?

?Is it an Indica or Sativa strain??

Whether you?re a moderate or proficient user of cannabis, you?ve most likely heard this question in numerous cannabis conversations ? but what does it really mean? More importantly, does it really even matter if a cannabis product is determined to be an ?Indica? or ?Sativa? strain?

Where do the terms ?Indica? and ?Sativa? come from?

A quick history lesson: In 1753, Carl Linneaus classified two subspecies of cannabis: Cannabis sativa L (hemp, non-intoxicating) and Cannabis Sativa (psychoactive and intoxicating). A second subspecies discovery was made by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1785: Cannabis Indica.

Cannabis Sativa and Cannabis Indica are responsible for the Indica/Sativa classifications we know today. These taxonomic classifications are somewhat controversial, but the important distinctions have to do with geographic origins, variances in morphologies (shape of leaves, plant height, growing conditions), and slight differences in genetics.

A quick cultivation lesson: This Sativa and Indica taxonomy helps cultivators indicate the physical qualities of a particular strain (technically known as a cultivar) and its growing conditions. Sativa plants typically grow tall with bright, narrow leaves. Indicas typically grow into short, dense plants with wide leaves with deep green colors. Sativas have longer flowering cycles and are better suited for warm climates with long seasons, while Indicas have shorter flowering cycles and are capable of growing in cold climates with shorter seasons.

Due to extensive crossbreeding over the past fifty plus years, cultivators have effectively eliminated pure Sativa and Indica cultivars, leaving behind only hybrids that may lean more heavily toward one or the other initial subspecies, further confusing matters for the end user.

Are the effects of Indica and Sativa different?

You?ve heard it before: Sativas are invigorating, Indicas are relaxing. Sativas get you high. Indicas get you stoned.

Your local budtender may be quick to use words like ?cerebral,? ?heady,? ?uplifting,? ?energizing? and ?like a cup of coffee? when describing Sativas, and words like ?relaxing,? ?sedating,? ?full-bodied,? ?stoney? and ?like a cup of nighttime tea? when describing Indicas. Although all marijuana strains are now technically hybrids, a third categorization, Hybrid, is reserved for strains that have a balance of effects inherited from the genetic crossing of Indica and Sativa strains.

What does science have to say?

Let?s cut to the chase ? is it scientifically accurate to label cannabis as ?Indica? and ?Sativa? based on genetic ancestry? The answer: not likely.

Or, as famed cannabis researcher Dr. Ethan Russo puts it: ?The sativa/indica distinction as commonly applied in the lay literature is total nonsense and an exercise in futility.?

Science is increasingly backing this up. Bedrocan, one of the largest producers of legal medicinal cannabis, teamed up with Canadian Dalhousie University to study the genetic differences between cannabis labelled Sativa and Indica. The study analyzed 149 different cannabis samples to determine if the genotype and chemotype accurately correlated to their reported ?ancestry.? ?The results indicated that there is ?no clear evidence of ancestry differences between Sativa- and Indica-labelled cannabis.?

In short, the reported genetic lineages of strains are somewhat dubious and less distinct than cannabis cultivators and breeders would have consumers believe.

However, Bedrocan?s study did find a strong relationship between chemical and genetic profiles. This suggests that the Indica/Sativa classification has much more to do with a strain?s terpene profile and less to do with its cannabinoid profile, as previously believed.

This finding makes sense and is supported in other studies. When indicating the effect a particular strain will produce, consider the cannabinoid and terpene profiles, as the concentration of terpenes will not only indicate the aroma and flavor of a particular strain, but also shed light on the associated effects. Research is confirming that aroma profiles of a plant, coupled with the ratio of the two major cannabinoids (THC and CBD), are the most important factors when attempting to determine the possible effects of a strain.

The main Indica and Sativa takeaway

While an Indica and Sativa label may accurately indicate its genetic lineage, it doesn?t necessarily predict what effects that strain or product will produce. Not all Indicas produce Indica-like effects and not all Sativas produce Sativa-like effect. It is common to find strains with an Indica lineage that have Sativa-like effects. If you take Indica/Sativa categorization with a grain of salt and pay attention to cannabinoid and terpene contents, you?ll have a clearer picture of what each cannabis product has to offer.

Nicolas Gonzalez-Podesta is the Director of Science and Education at Weedmaps. He directs Weedmaps? educational initiatives and works with a range of professionals including scientists, government officials and educators. Weedmaps is the world?s largest marijuana technology company working with enterprises, governments, and consumers to provide the leading cloud platform to power the marijuana industry.

Related Stories:

Is Cannabis Actually Addictive?
4 Groundbreaking Studies on Cannabis and Disease
Why People Rave About Cannabis Yoga

Disclaimer: The views expressed above are solely those of the author and may not reflect those of Care2, Inc., its employees or advertisers.

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Indica vs Sativa: Are These Useful Titles or Just Smoke and Mirrors?

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Merlin’s Tour of the Universe – Neil de Grasse Tyson

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Merlin’s Tour of the Universe

A Skywatcher’s Guide to Everything from Mars and Quasars to Comets, Planets,Blue Moons, and Werewolves

Neil de Grasse Tyson

Genre: Science & Nature

Price: $2.99

Publish Date: July 14, 1997

Publisher: Crown/Archetype

Seller: Penguin Random House LLC


From the #1 New York Times bestselling author of Astrophysics for People in a Hurry comes a fascinating guide to the most popular questions about the universe. In Neil de Grasse Tyson's delightful tour of the galaxies, his fictional character Merlin responds to popular astronomy questions asked by adults and children alike. Merlin, a visitor from Planet Omniscia in the Andromeda Galaxy, has been friends with many of the most important scientific figures of the past, including da Vinci, Magellan, Doppler, Einstein, and Hubble—and he often recounts his conversations with these historical figures in his explanations. Merlin's illuminating answers feature a unique combination of wit and poetry along with serious science explained in refreshingly clear, reader-friendly language. Dear Merlin: Can a person cross our galaxy in a spaceship during one human lifespan? Merlin: In 1905, Merlin's good friend Albert Einstein introduced the "Special Theory of Relativity," which predicts that time will tick slower and slower the faster you travel. Were you to embark on such an adventure you could conceivably age as little as you wish, depending of course, on your exact speed. The problem arises when you return to Earth, which will have moved several hundred thousand years into the future and everyone will have forgotten about you. A timeless book for lovers of the universe by one of its greatest lights.

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Merlin’s Tour of the Universe – Neil de Grasse Tyson

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Here’s the State of the Union address you didn’t hear about.

On Monday, newly minted Governor Phil Murphy signed an executive order to rejoin the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a multi-state carbon trading program that aims to reduce greenhouse gases from the power sector.

New Jersey’s former governor (and bona fide bully) Chris Christie had pulled the state out in 2011, saying the initiative increased the tax burden for utilities and failed to adequately reduce greenhouse gases. Murphy said that Christie’s decision to withdraw had cost the state $279 million in revenue.

The state Department of Environmental Protection and the Board of Public Utilities will begin drawing up a game plan to re-enter the pact.

Nine eastern states already participate in RGGI: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island and Vermont. Now, New Jersey is joining the fray, and Virginia may soon follow.

“With this executive order, New Jersey takes the first step toward restoring our place as a leader in the green economy,” Murphy said. Jersey shore knows what it’s doing!

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Here’s the State of the Union address you didn’t hear about.

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Business interests are winning out over science under Trump.

Over the next year, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People will install solar panels on 20 households and 10 community centers, train 100 people in solar job skills, and push for equitable solar access policies in at least five states across the U.S.

“Underserved communities cannot be left behind in a clean energy transition,” Derrick Johnson, NAACP President and CEO, said in a statement about the new Solar Equity Initiative. “Clean energy is a fundamental civil right which must be available to all, within the framework of a just transition.”

The initiative began on Martin Luther King Jr. Day by installing solar panels on the Jenesse Center, a transitional housing program in L.A. for survivors of domestic abuse. The NAACP estimated that solar energy could save the center nearly $49,000 over the course of a lifetime, leaving more resources to go toward services for women and families.

Aside from the financial benefits, the NAACP points out that a just transition to clean energy will improve health outcomes. Last year, a report by the Clean Air Task Force and the NAACP found that black Americans are exposed to air nearly 40 percent more polluted than their white counterparts. Pollution has led to 138,000 asthma attacks among black school children and over 100,000 missed school days each year.

It’s just a start, but this new initiative could help alleviate the disproportionate environmental burdens that black communities face.

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Business interests are winning out over science under Trump.

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The NAACP is bringing renewable energy to communities of color.

Over the next year, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People will install solar panels on 20 households and 10 community centers, train 100 people in solar job skills, and push for equitable solar access policies in at least five states across the U.S.

“Underserved communities cannot be left behind in a clean energy transition,” Derrick Johnson, NAACP President and CEO, said in a statement about the new Solar Equity Initiative. “Clean energy is a fundamental civil right which must be available to all, within the framework of a just transition.”

The initiative began on Martin Luther King Jr. Day by installing solar panels on the Jenesse Center, a transitional housing program in L.A. for survivors of domestic abuse. The NAACP estimated that solar energy could save the center nearly $49,000 over the course of a lifetime, leaving more resources to go toward services for women and families.

Aside from the financial benefits, the NAACP points out that a just transition to clean energy will improve health outcomes. Last year, a report by the Clean Air Task Force and the NAACP found that black Americans are exposed to air nearly 40 percent more polluted than their white counterparts. Pollution has led to 138,000 asthma attacks among black school children and over 100,000 missed school days each year.

It’s just a start, but this new initiative could help alleviate the disproportionate environmental burdens that black communities face.

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The NAACP is bringing renewable energy to communities of color.

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