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Welcome back, federal workers! Look how we screwed up your research

Welcome back, federal workers! Look how we screwed up your research

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Here’s hoping that federal researchers enjoy catching up on weeks of missed work.

Hooray! Congress has given the federal government permission to begin functioning again. National parks and monuments are reopening and the National Zoo’s panda cam is back. But after a 16-day hiatus, which by one estimate cost the country up to $24 billion, there have been painful impacts on scientific research — including research that could help tell us WTF is going on with the climate.

The most-discussed climate-science impacts from the shutdown have been those affecting studies in Antarctica, where a narrow annual research window is approaching. From Politico:

In Antarctica, scientists who study the Adelie penguin worry that they won’t be in place when the fast-declining species arrives later this year at its nesting and breeding grounds. “If we have breaks in that record, there are a lot of scientific statistical analysis of our observations that we can’t do. And so in our case, these data, the observations are all just gone forever. We never get them back,” said Hugh Ducklow, an oceanographer and professor at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.

Ducklow said he’ll be waiting for the NSF to provide guidance in the coming days on how it plans to reopen and what that means for field researchers. With the South Pole summer season limiting his window, though, he’s worried that time is short. “I’m optimistic we will resume our season, ideally within a few weeks,” he said. “If we delay much into November, we start to incur irreparable losses.”

Scientists probing climate impacts in other regions have also been hamstrung by the political spat. The shutdown was a hot topic at the Comer Abrupt Climate Change Conference in Wisconsin this week, as chronicled by Northwestern University’s Medill Reports:

Jennifer Lennon, a master’s student at the University of Maine and an advisee of Hall, does not work in Antarctica, but said her research has also been delayed by the shutdown. She has a host of beryllium-10 samples waiting to be dated in Lawrence Livermore. The finalization of her master’s thesis depends on that data.

Lennon is dating the age of a moraine located in Tierra del Fuego in Argentina. Beryllium-10 is an isotope generated when cosmic rays strike bedrock. The dating of these isotopes is similar to carbon-14 dating of organisms in as it can provide an approximate age for something, in this case, when the rock was exposed to air because of a receding glacier. …

Toby Koffman, a PhD student at the University of Maine, is also waiting for data from Lawrence Livermore. He canceled his upcoming trip to the California lab and hopes he will not have to wait too much longer for the beryllium-10 samples he submitted for his research to be dated. Koffman conducts research on glaciation in New Zealand. He said he wants to defend his dissertation in the spring, but realizes he may be very rushed if he does not get the data soon.

And it’s not just climate research that was hobbled by the shutdown. Flu season surveillance was curtailed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the review of grant applications has been delayed at many agencies; and major radio astronomy facilities were closed for the shutdown, along with the feeds of data that flow into international databases.

On a less tangible level, Politico noted that the uncertainty of the last three weeks could make the U.S. seem like a less attractive place for scientists to work than other countries.  ”Would you go work for someone where the funding is squishy?” said Georges Benjamin, executive director at the American Public Health Association.


Source
Shutdown’s science fallout could last for years, Politico
Climate researchers rebound from government shutdown but setbacks linger, Medill Reports

John Upton is a science fan and green news boffin who tweets, posts articles to Facebook, and blogs about ecology. He welcomes reader questions, tips, and incoherent rants: johnupton@gmail.com.

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Take a photo of a glacier — it’ll last longer

Take a photo of a glacier — it’ll last longer

ShutterstockGlaciers, such as this one in Argentina, are melting and releasing their reserves of water.

Farewell, great lakes of ice and frozen rivers.

Scientists used satellite images and gravity measurements to peer more closely than ever before at the torturous drip-drip-drip from the world’s glaciers. What they discovered is not really much of a surprise: Ice Age glaciers have been methodically chiseled away by the warming effects of fossil fuel burning.

Global warming and black carbon are working fast: Glaciers outside of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are collectively losing an estimated 571 trillion pounds worth of ice annually, the researchers reported in a paper published Thursday in the journal Science.

Glaciers? Icesheets? Potatoes, potatoes, you say. Here’s the difference: The world’s ice sheets cover vast swaths in Greenland and Antarctica. Meanwhile, glaciers are rivers and lakes of slow-moving ice. You can find them at high altitudes in alpine regions around the world, and you’ll find them in lower elevations (including on and around ice sheets) as you approach the poles.

Although these glaciers contain just 1 percent of land ice reserves, they contribute about as much to the rising seas as the major stores of ice. The individual contributions of glaciers to the rising seas may be relatively small, but the cumulative impacts of their melts are substantial.

The researchers concluded that melting glaciers are causing the oceans to surge by 0.03 inches yearly, which works out to 30 percent of the total annual rise in recorded sea levels.

From a press release by NASA, which provided the data to the researchers from its Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE):

Current estimates predict all the glaciers in the world contain enough water to raise sea level by as much as 24 inches (about 60 centimeters). In comparison, the entire Greenland ice sheet has the potential to contribute about 20 feet (about 6 meters) to sea level rise and the Antarctic ice sheet just less than 200 feet (about 60 meters).

“Because the global glacier ice mass is relatively small in comparison with the huge ice sheets covering Greenland and Antarctica, people tend to not worry about it,” said study co-author Tad Pfeffer, a glaciologist at the University of Colorado in Boulder. “But it’s like a little bucket with a huge hole in the bottom: it may not last for very long, just a century or two, but while there’s ice in those glaciers, it’s a major contributor to sea level rise.”

The largest glacial losses during the study period from 2003 to 2009 were recorded from Arctic Canada, Alaska, coastal Greenland, the southern Andes, and high-mountain Asia. That’s pretty much all the major glacial regions, the exception being in Antarctica, where loss was minor.

So, there’s some good news for Antarcticans: Glacial melt is not as bad there as everywhere else.

John Upton is a science fan and green news boffin who

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blogs about ecology

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Surfrider Argentina picks up momentum

Great things happening in Argentina Read original article: Surfrider Argentina picks up momentum ; ;Related ArticlesInvest 30 seconds, sign this and help protect wavesCoke and birds falling from the skyWhat does it mean to protect a wave? ;

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2012 was a record year for worldwide crop insurance claims

2012 was a record year for worldwide crop insurance claims

We get so caught up in the economic damage wrought by Sandy that we forget the damage done by last year’s other major environmental crisis in America: the drought. Last year’s record dryness spurred a massive increase in crop insurance claims here — but extreme weather events dropped crop yields in other countries as well. The end result was the most expensive year in history for insurers.

From Bloomberg:

Global crop insurance claims were the highest ever last year after drought cut yields in the U.S., historically the biggest grower of corn and soybeans.

Claims worldwide were worth about $23 billion in 2012, with $15 billion going to growers in the U.S., said Karl Murr, who heads the agriculture unit at Munich Re, the world’s biggest reinsurance company. About 85 percent of farmland is insured in the U.S., compared with 20 percent globally. …

As of Jan. 21, U.S. farmers had collected about $12.35 billion in insurance claims since the marketing year began, surpassing the $10.84 billion at the same time a year earlier, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Risk Management Agency.

Patrick Emerson

Dry lakebed near Stull, Kan.

That $15 billion is actually slightly less than was projected a few weeks ago, but still massive. Other countries experienced similar weather-related crop disasters, pushing the global bill into record territory.

Dry weather also damaged crops in the past season in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Argentina and Brazil, while Poland suffered from a cold snap and the U.K. had its second-wettest year on record. Flooded fields probably cost British farmers about $2.1 billion (1.3 billion pounds) in damage, much of which wasn’t insured, Murr said.

The drought in the U.S. continues. Yesterday, Reuters reported that the drought-stricken area in Kansas expanded over the last week. The entire state is experiencing severe drought conditions.

USDA

Kansas is generally the top U.S. wheat-growing state, but the new crop planted last fall has been struggling with a lack of soil moisture. Without rain and/or heavy snow before spring, millions of acres of wheat could be ruined.

But a new climatology report issued Thursday showed no signs of improvement for Kansas, or neighboring farm states. …

Kansas typically makes up nearly 20 percent of the total U.S. wheat production with a production value that hovers around $1 billion.

But many farmers worry this year that a severe shortage of soil moisture will decimate production.

If that happens, insurers — namely, the Department of Agriculture — will again need to step in to provide economic support to farmers. And this drought, the worst in almost 80 years, is only the beginning of what the Plains states can expect over the next century as the country gets hotter.

National Climate Assessment

Philip Bump writes about the news for Gristmill. He also uses Twitter a whole lot.

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