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What happens when wildfire meets permafrost in Alaska?

a song of ice and wildfire

What happens when wildfire meets permafrost in Alaska?

By on 8 Jul 2015commentsShare

You don’t need a PhD in geochemistry to know that fire and ice don’t play nice together. You do, however, need a degree or two to figure out what the hell that means for Alaska — the icy wonderland currently being engulfed by wildfires. It would be especially nice to know what all that fire is doing to the state’s permafrost — you know, the carbon-stuffed soil that’s supposed to stay frozen all year long (which it may or may not) and probably will contribute somehow to climate change once it starts melting.

Here’s more from Wired:

The problem isn’t just scorched landscape—though that’s bad enough, to the tune of 3 million acres and 600 fires in Alaska and over 4,000 wildfires in Canada. This year has been exceptionally hot and dry—just ask a Californian—but even so this year’s blazes haven’t yet surpassed the toll of the even fierier 2004. As Sam Harrel, spokesperson for the Alaska Fire Service, puts it in understated terms, “We are on a track for a lot of acres this year.” But the real problem is that the fires could accelerate the melting of permafrost, a layer of ground that’s never supposed to get above freezing. And permafrost is one of Earth’s great storehouses of carbon. Release it, and you speed up climate change.

What ties all that together is “duff,” the thick layer of moss, twigs, needles, and other living or once-living material that blankets the forest floor. Duff can be up to a foot thick, and it provides the insulation that keeps permafrost cold through even the sunny days of summer. But when fire comes along, duff becomes fuel. Burning duff releases carbon too, of course, but losing it is like ripping the insulation out of a refrigerator.

Jon O’Donnell, an ecologist from the National Park Service’s Arctic Network told Wired that certain trees tend to grow in the aftermath of wildfires, and those could help mitigate any carbon released from permafrost. But ultimately, O’Donnell said, scientists just don’t really know how this fire and ice situation is going to play out:

“I don’t think people have fully addressed how all these different components — permafrost and fire and soil and carbon — are connected in one comprehensive way,” he says. “It’s not that people don’t know they exist. It’s a matter of doing the work to quantify it.”

On the bright side, we might soon be able to finally answer the existential question that Robert Frost mused over in his famous poem “Fire and Ice:”

Some say the world will end in fire,

Some say in ice.

From what I’ve tasted of desire

I hold with those who favor fire.

But if it had to perish twice,

I think I know enough of hate

To say that for destruction ice

Is also great

And would suffice.

Source:
Alaska’s on Fire and It May Make Climate Change Even Worse

, Wired.

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What happens when wildfire meets permafrost in Alaska?

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Donald Trump Just Gave the Most Insane Interview to NBC

Mother Jones

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In a new interview with NBC News, Donald Trump lashed out at his critics, specifically shooting back at Hillary Clinton’s comments yesterday expressing her disappointment in the real-estate mogul.

“Hillary Clinton ‎was the worst secretary of state in the history of the United States,” Trump said. “On top of that, she is extremely bad on illegal immigration. Despite anything you may hear to the contrary, I do not think she is electable.”

Clinton’s remarks on Tuesday were responding to Trump’s controversial presidential speech back in June, in which he called Mexican immigrants drug-peddling “rapists.” The incendiary characterization has since caused a firestorm of criticism, even moving several businesses and television networks long associated with Trump, including NBC, to cut ties with the Republican presidential candidate.

Speaking to his now infamous “rapist” characterization, Trump dismissed the notion he has lost favor with Latino voters.

“I’ll win the Latino vote because I’ll create jobs,” he told NBC. “I’ll create jobs and the Latinos will have jobs they didn’t have, I’ll do better on that vote than anybody, I will win that vote,” he said. He double-downed on his reassurance, insisting Mexican immigrants “love me and I love them.”

Throughout the interview, Trump also appeared to insult the female interviewer, journalist Katy Tur, telling her she was a “very naive person” and she didn’t know what she was talking about. Charming.

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Donald Trump Just Gave the Most Insane Interview to NBC

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Greece Gives Europe What It Wants, Europe Says No Anyway

Mother Jones

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European leaders were in final, last-ditch, eleventh-hour, crisis talks with their Greek counterparts today, which by my count is at least the third time we’ve held final, last-ditch, eleventh-hour, crisis talks in the past two weeks. This leaves me a little unsure of when the real “world will explode” deadline is anymore. But soon, I’m sure.

In any case, as Paul Krugman notes, the Europeans are no longer merely demanding concessions of a certain size from the Greeks, they now want final say over the exact makeup of the concessions:

The creditors keep rejecting Greek proposals on the grounds that they rely too much on taxes and not enough on spending cuts. So we’re still in the business of dictating domestic policy.

The supposed reason for the rejection of a tax-based response is that it will hurt growth. The obvious response is, are you kidding us? The people who utterly failed to see the damage austerity would do — see the chart, which compares the projections in the 2010 standby agreement with reality — are now lecturing others on growth? Furthermore, the growth concerns are all supply-side, in an economy surely operating at least 20 percent below capacity.

Basically, the Europeans just can’t seem to say yes even when they get what they want. Besides, although tax increases probably will hurt Greek growth, so will spending cuts. There’s just no way around it. The Greek economy is completely moribund, and any kind of austerity is going to make it worse. But the Europeans want austerity anyway, and they have the whip hand, so now they’ve decided they also want to dictate the exact nature of the concrete life preservers they’re throwing to Greece.

The Greeks have little choice left, unless they’re willing to leave the euro, which would cause massive short-term pain at home. Maybe they will, but it would take a backbone of steel to do it. Voters would probably cheer raucously the first night, but be in a mood to vote the entire team out of office after about the second day, when their savings and pensions were converted into New Drachmas and suddenly slashed in half. There is no happy ending to this.

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Greece Gives Europe What It Wants, Europe Says No Anyway

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Here’s What Appears to Be Dylann Roof’s Racist Manifesto

Mother Jones

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A more than 2,000-word manifesto that appears to have been authored by Dylann Roof, the suspected shooter in Wednesday’s church massacre in Charleston, South Carolina, emerged Saturday morning. If confirmed to be authentic, the website, which also contains a trove of disturbing images, will no doubt become key evidence for law enforcement officials, who are investigating whether the murders of nine congregants at Emanuel AME church will prove to have been a hate crime or an act of domestic terrorism. (Text of the manifesto appears below.)

The writing, posted on a crudely designed website called “The Last Rhodesian,” makes specific reference to a motive for attacking in Charleston: “I am not in the position to, alone, go into the ghetto and fight. I chose Charleston because it is most historic city in my state, and at one time had the highest ratio of blacks to Whites in the country.”

There is other racially tinged material. “The event that truly awakened me was the Trayvon Martin case,” the writing says. “It was obvious that Zimmerman was in the right. But more importantly this prompted me to type in the words ‘black on White crime’ into Google, and I have never been the same since that day.”

The metadata embedded in the photos indicates that they were created from August 2014 up to the day of the shooting, June 17, 2015. Several show him posing with a handgun or a Confederate flag, or both, and one shows a picture of the gun placed next to seven bullets. Another photo depicts Roof burning an American flag.

The site concludes with a subheading, “An Explanation,” that in part reads: “We have no skinheads, no real KKK, no one doing anything but talking on the internet. Well someone has to have the bravery to take it to the real world, and I guess that has to be me.”

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Last Rhodesian Manifesto (PDF)

Last Rhodesian Manifesto (Text)

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Here’s What Appears to Be Dylann Roof’s Racist Manifesto

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Donald Trump Just Seriously Burned a Top Tea Party Group

Mother Jones

The Club For Growth was hardly the only conservative outfit complaining about Donald Trump’s bid for the GOP nomination yesterday. But the real estate mogul hit back hard at the group on Tuesday, accusing Club for Growth of bashing him because he refused its donation request.

Following his announcement yesterday, Trump was lashed from all sides over everything from his bizarre escalator entrance to his choice of music, but Club For Growth didn’t mince words in its statement about Trump’s entrance to the 2016 race:

The Club for Growth has issued very substantive and detailed white papers on the records of the major announced Republican candidates for president. There is no need to do a white paper on Donald Trump. He is not a serious Republican candidate, and many of his positions make him better suited to take on Hillary Clinton in the Democratic primary. It would also be unfortunate if he takes away a spot at even one Republican debate.

Appearing on Bloomberg’s With All Due Respect television program today, Trump fought back. According to Trump, the Club is just mad that he didn’t pony up the $1 million the group asked for.

And Trump can prove that the club approached him for a seven-figure contribution. After his interview, he released a copy of the letter asking for $1 million to Bloomberg.

Trump claims he was surprised by the appeal and declined to donate. “I was shocked by the amount of money we’re talking about,” he told Bloomberg.

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Donald Trump Just Seriously Burned a Top Tea Party Group

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I’m Against Easy Voting For All. Some People Just Aren’t Competent to Vote Rationally.

Mother Jones

Ezra Klein notes today that the argument against making it easier to vote is often very simple: it’s not a good idea to make it easy to vote:

If that sounds a bit odd to you, then read Daniel Foster’s argument against Clinton’s idea, which lays the objection bare: “the people who can’t be bothered to register (as opposed to those who refuse to vote as a means of protest) are, except in unusual cases, civic idiots.” And who wants civic idiots choosing our next president?

For a rejoinder, read Slate’s Jamelle Bouie, who writes, “You get better at voting the more often you do it. Relatively uninformed voters in one election might become highly informed voters a few cycles later. More participation could make us a more engaged country.”

I have a quarrel with both sides in this argument. In a modern democracy, we don’t try to decide which voters are highly informed and thus “worthy” of voting. You can vote if you have an IQ of 200 and you can vote if you’re a nitwit. The reason is simple: the decisions of the state affect both voters equally. Everybody gets to vote because everybody has a stake in the outcome.

This is not the way it’s always been, of course. In early America only white male landowners could vote, because others were thought incapable of properly exercising the franchise. (That was the official excuse, anyway.) But even then, there was also an argument based on engagement with the state. White male landowners were thought to have a real stake in the decisions of the government, and therefore would vote their interests more intelligently.

Both those things have changed over time. Everybody is now acknowledged to be capable of voting in their interests, and everybody is now acknowledged to have a stake in what the government does. That’s the argument for making it easy for everyone to vote. It doesn’t matter if this means we’ll get more voters who don’t read National Review or can’t name the Speaker of the House. What matters is that all these voters have just as big a stake in what the government does as you or I do. And if they have a stake, we should make it easy for them to vote.

Of course, no one really cares about this. The real argument for making voting easy is that it will increase the number of Democratic-leaning voters. And the real reason for making voting hard is that it will lower the number of Democratic-leaning voters. Everyone knows this. Sadly, all the other high-minded arguments for and against are just kabuki.

As it happens, my own guess is that highly engaged voters probably vote more stupidly than people who live normal lives and don’t even know what GDP is, let alone whether it’s gone up or down under the current occupant of the White House. If I had my way, anyone who shows an actual interest in politics—all of us who read and write this blog, for example—would be deemed obviously neurotic and forbidden from voting for dog catcher, let alone president. People like us would get to rant and rave and publish op-eds, but only people who are bored by us would actually get to vote. Any objections?

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I’m Against Easy Voting For All. Some People Just Aren’t Competent to Vote Rationally.

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Obama Just Burned GOP Climate Deniers In “Anger Translator” Rant

Mother Jones

Towards the end of his annual speech to the White House Correspondents’ Association Dinner in the nation’s capital Saturday night, President Obama got “angry.” Aided by Luther, his “anger translator” (a character played by Comedy Central’s Keegan-Michael Key, from the TV show Key and Peele), President Obama launched into an epic tirade against climate deniers on Capitol Hill.

For those who aren’t familiar with the set-up of the skit featured on Key and Peele: “No-drama Obama” (played by Jordan Peele) can’t risk getting angry in public, so Luther translates what he’s really thinking, behind all the political soft-ball rhetoric. It’s quite brilliant.

When the real Obama got around to mentioning the big challenge of climate change on Saturday, Luther chimed in, filling in Obama’s supposedly unspoken rage: “California is bone-dry! It looks like the trailer for the new Max Max movie. You think Bradley Cooper came here because he wanted to talk to Chuck Todd? He wanted a glass of water! Come on!”

Eventually, though, Obama didn’t need his anger translator anymore:

“Look at what’s happening right now. Every serious scientist says we need to act,” Obama said, pitch and volume rising. “The Pentagon says it’s a national security risk. Miami floods on a sunny day, and instead of doing anything about it, we’ve got elected officials throwing snowballs in the Senate! It is crazy! What about our kids?! What kind of stupid, short-sighted, irresponsible…”

Luther finally intervenes:

“With all due respect, sir? You don’t need an anger translator. You need counseling.”

Link:

Obama Just Burned GOP Climate Deniers In “Anger Translator” Rant

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Corporate Lobbyists Outspend the Rest of us 34 to 1

Mother Jones

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Lee Drutman looks at the real problem with lobbying in the American political system:

Looking at lobbying in the aggregate, what jumps out is the stark imbalance in resources. Corporations blow everyone else out of the water. Business accounts for roughly 80 percent of all reported lobbying expenditures, about $2.6 billion dollars a year now.

….Meanwhile, the types of organized interests who we might expect to provide a countervailing force to business — labor unions, groups representing diffuse public like consumers or taxpayers — spend $1 for every $34 businesses spend on lobbying, by my count. Of the 100 organizations that spend the most on lobbying annually, consistently 95 represent business. In interviewing 60 corporate lobbyists for my book The Business of America is Lobbying, I asked them to identify the leading opposition on an issue on which they were currently working. Not a single lobbyist volunteered a union or a “public interest” group.

….This growing imbalance has had two major effects on the political system. First, it is increasingly difficult to challenge any existing policy that benefits politically active corporations….Second, the sheer amount of lobbying has created a policymaking environment that now requires significant resources to get anything done. Which means that, with increasingly rare exceptions, the only possible policy changes on economic policy issues are those changes that at least some large corporations support.

Lobbying is inevitable. You might even say that it’s nothing more than politics in its purest form. But if that’s true, American politics has become almost purely a game played by big corporations and their allies. The rest of us—which is to say, practically all of us—are left with nearly no say in what happens.

Excerpt from – 

Corporate Lobbyists Outspend the Rest of us 34 to 1

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Neil DeGrasse Tyson Blasts Florida’s Alleged Ban on Discussing Climate Change

Mother Jones

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Neil DeGrasse Tyson has now weighed in on Florida’s alleged ban on using the words “climate change” and “global warming” in government communications. The astrophysicist-turned-TV-star told a Sarasota, Fla., crowd on Monday that he was astonished by the report, adding he thought “as a nation we were better than this.”

“Now we have a time where people are cherry picking science,” Tyson said, according to the Herald Tribune of Sarasota. “The science is not political. That’s like repealing gravity because you gained 10 pounds last week.”

Earlier this month, the Florida Center for Investigative Reporting published an explosive story alleging that Scott’s administration had instituted an unwritten policy forbidding government employees from using “climate change,” “global warming,” and “sea level rise” in official communications. The governor has since denied the report, but several environmental groups have called for a probe into the alleged ban.

In his remarks Monday, Tyson said that while it may be easy to shame politicians for their climate change denial, it’s ultimately the voters who are responsible.

“Debating facts takes time away from the conversation,” Tyson said, according to the Bradenton Herald. “We should be talking about what we are going to do about this. I don’t blame the politicians for a damn thing because we vote for the politician. I blame the electorate.”

This isn’t the first time Tyson has scolded voters for electing science-denying politicians. In a January interview with the Boston Globe, he said he used to get “bent out of shape” about elected officials like snowball-wielding Senator James Inhofe publicly claiming climate change is a hoax. But his views have since evolved.

“The real challenge to the educator is not beating politicians over the head, or lobbying them, or writing letters,” he said. “It’s improving the educational system that shapes the people who elect such representatives in the first place.”

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Neil DeGrasse Tyson Blasts Florida’s Alleged Ban on Discussing Climate Change

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Why Are People Seeing the Dress in Different Colors? This Person Googled It For You.

Mother Jones

What color is this dress?”

It’s the defining question of our generation.

I felt very strongly that it was gold and white:

I was apparently wrong.

I don’t 100% know if it is accurate but this nice lady’s answer sort of jibes with what I’m seeing.

Adobe agrees:

Tay also signed off:

WIRED is also on board.

Black and blue wins. :((

â&#128;&#139;God bless us, every one.

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Why Are People Seeing the Dress in Different Colors? This Person Googled It For You.

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