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The U.K. is tropically hot right now. 6 maps show why.

A dangerous heatwave is sweeping across Britain.

The temperature reached 95 degrees at London’s Heathrow Airport on Thursday, making it the hottest day so far this year. Friday is forecasted to be even hotter, and could be the hottest day in the island’s history.

This year’s heatwave began weeks ago, back in June, exacerbated by an absence of rainfall that has turned the countryside so brown it’s visible from space. It’s part of a worldwide rash of fires, floods, and other extreme weather in recent weeks that is putting climate change front and center.

On its current pace, this will be the hottest summer in British history. Across the U.K., where air conditioning is rare, hospital emergency rooms have seen record numbers of patients this week, and public health officials warned people to stay inside. Authorities in London banned the use of barbecue grills after an explosion in the number of large grass fires. Network Rail has slowed and canceled some trains to keep tracks from buckling under the heat.

Earlier this summer, the roof of a science museum in Glasgow actually melted during one particularly hot day.

This isn’t normal weather, although it’s happening with increasing frequency. This week marks one of only a handful of times in more than 350 years of recordkeeping that temperatures in England have climbed above 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius).

This is a problem that’s only going to get worse. Within 20 or 30 years, if the world continues to ignore the problem of climate change, heatwaves like this week’s could happen nearly every year in the U.K., tripling heat-related deaths.

Summertime temperatures have sharply risen on every corner of the planet in recent decades, so what were once one-off excursions of dangerous temperatures a century ago are now nearly indistinguishable from the background influence of soaring levels of greenhouse gases.

That’s easy to see in the maps below. Decades ago, the bright red splotches of European heatwaves were starkly noticeable against the blue background of the rest of the planet. Lately, it’s hard to see where one heatwave ends and another one begins.

Peak daily temperature during past unusually hot summers in the U.K.:

August 1911

NASA GISS

36.7°C/98°F — an especially severe drought brought a long stretch of cloud-free skies to England, on par with the Nevada desert

August 1932

NASA GISS

35.6°C/96°F — children swam in London’s fountains to keep cool

July 1976

NASA GISS

35.9°C/96°F — currently the hottest summer in UK history

August 1990

NASA GISS

37.1°C/99°F — train service nationwide slowed as rails buckled

August 2003

NASA GISS

38.5°C/101°F — more than 30,000 people died across Europe

Summer 2018

NASA GISS

35°C/95°F — and poised to get hotter

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The U.K. is tropically hot right now. 6 maps show why.

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The sun keeps turning an apocalyptic shade of red. Here’s why.

In parts of the United Kingdom Monday morning, people woke up to a blood-red sun — a phenomenon seen around the globe this year.

The color was caused by smoke that blew in from wildfires across Portugal and Spain. Hurricane Ophelia deepened the reddish hue by dragging up dust from the Sahara.

Red skies have haunted the western U.S. recently as wildfires burned in Montana and ash rained down in Seattle. This month in Northern California, 20,000 people evacuated from massive wildfires under a red-orange sky.

Anadolu Agency / Contributor / Getty Images

On the other side of the world, wildfires burned in Siberia all summer long, covering the sun with enormous clouds of smoke and ash.

REUTERS/Ilya Naymushin

To understand why this happens, you need to know a bit of optics. Sun rays contain light from the whole visible spectrum. As the sun’s white light beams into the atmosphere, it collides with molecules that diffuse some of the wavelengths. On a normal day, short wavelength colors, like purple and blue, are filtered out, making the sun look yellow.

But high concentrations of light-scattering molecules in the air (like smoke particles from a wildfire) crowd out more of those short-wavelength colors, leaving behind that hellish red color.

Since climate change makes wildfires worse, we’ll be seeing a lot more of it.

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The sun keeps turning an apocalyptic shade of red. Here’s why.

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If U.S. health care were a country, it would rank 13th for emissions

If U.S. health care were a country, it would rank 13th for emissions

By on Jun 14, 2016Share

A visit to the doctor’s office or hospital evokes images of cleanliness: sterile countertops, white walls, and sleek tools. But any given hospital needs to run lights and heat 24/7 and energy-hungry machines. All this winds up making America’s massive healthcare system a big source of the pollution that makes some patients sick.

According to new research from Yale University, if the U.S. healthcare system were a country, it would rank 13th in the world in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. That means it emits more than the entire United Kingdom, contributing to climate change and harming public health. U.S. healthcare is also responsible for 12 percent of acid rain, 10 percent of smog, and 9 percent of respiratory diseases from particulate matter.

And the portion of our emissions generated by the health industry is steadily expanding: The Yale study reported an increase from 7 percent of the United States’ total emissions in 2003 to nearly 10 percent in 2013, over a period when the health care industry grew as a whole. The United States also spends nearly twice the average of what other developed countries spend on health care in terms of GDP.

While doing vital work to make us healthier, the industry could also be doing more to avoid the pollution that makes us sick.

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If U.S. health care were a country, it would rank 13th for emissions

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Apple: Climate Change Is Real, and It’s a Real Problem

Mother Jones

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This story originally appeared in the Guardian and is republished here as part of the Climate Desk collaboration.

Climate change is real and a real problem for the world, Apple said on Monday, announcing its progress on environment targets ahead of Earth Day.

The technology company, publishing a video narrated by CEO Tim Cook on its green initiatives and updated environment web pages, claimed that 94 percent of its corporate facilities and 100 percent of its data centers are now powered by renewable energy sources such as solar power.

Lisa Jackson, the former administrator of the US Environmental Protection Agency and Apple’s vice president for environmental initiative, wrote in a letter: “We feel the responsibility to consider everything we do in order to reduce our impact on the environment. This means using greener materials and constantly inventing new ways to conserve precious resources.

Greenpeace, which has previously been critical of Apple for sourcing energy from fossil fuels, recently praised the company for improving the energy mix powering its data centers, ranking it above other tech giants such as Amazon. Apple’s Maiden data center in North Carolina is powered by a large 20-megawatt solar farm and biogas fuel cells.

Apple said its carbon footprint in 2013 was 33.8 million metric tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions in 2013, or around 5 percent of the United Kingdom’s annual CO2 emissions for the same year. Around three-quarters of the emissions come from manufacturing. “We believe climate change is real. And that it’s a real problem,” the company’s website now says.

The company said its new HQ being built in Cupertino, California, will use 30 percent less energy than an equivalent building, and will be home to around 7,000 trees. It also highlighted a decrease in the material required to make its products—the new iPad Air uses nearly one-third less material, by weight, than the original iPad.

All the company’s retail stores will now take back Apple products for recycling, for free; previously customers had to buy a new product to recycle an old one. In the United Kingdom and United States, an ongoing scheme offering payments for old iPhones, iPads and Macs also continues.

The announcement came ahead of today’s 44th anniversary of Earth Day, a day of activism born in the United States and designed to raise environmental awareness.

Cook recently told climate change skeptics that they should ditch Apple shares if they did not like the company’s backing for renewable energy and sustainability, leading Virgin group founder Richard Branson to say he was “enormously impressed” by Cook’s stance and his call for climate change deniers to “get out of the way.”

Apple has come in for criticism from Friends of the Earth for being slow to admit to using tin in its products sourced from the Indonesian island of Bangka, where mining has caused environmental damage and claimed dozens of lives. Last year, Apple sent a team to investigate conditions on the island and has said it will work to improve them.

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Apple: Climate Change Is Real, and It’s a Real Problem

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For Immediate In-the-Moment Happiness, Head Outdoors

Photo: Ian Britton

A wealth of studies have examined the hypothesis that spending time outdoors boosts our well-being, but until now not much was known about how being outside affects what researchers call “momentary subjective well-being,” a fancy term for how you feel in-the-moment. Unless scientists follow participants around with a clip board asking them “How do you feel?” every few minutes, collecting such fleeting data remains a challenge.

A new study on happiness conducted in the UK gets over this obstacle by using a specially-designed smartphone app. More than 20,000 people installed the app on their phone. At random intervals throughout the day, the app would pop up and ask them brief questions about what they were up to, who they were with and how they were feeling. At the same time, it registered the phone owner’s GPS coordinates.

All told, the team collected around 1 million datapoints from the app-wielding participants. The results were telling: even when the authors controlled for factors like weather, time of day, where people where, if they were with friends or family and what they were doing, being outside trumped all of that for predicting in-the-moment happiness. On average, they found, the participants were significantly and substantially happier when they were outside surrounded by green or in a natural habitat. This finding was especially true when compared with their happiness levels while in an urban environment.

The authors conclude, “This study provides a new line of evidence on links between nature and wellbeing, strengthening existing evidence of a positive relationship between [subjective well-being] and exposure to green or natural environments in daily life.”

So if you’re feeling down or unenthusiastic, head outside for a few minutes and soak up the sunshine in a local park or backyard. It might just provide the positive boost you need to turn your day around – or at least bring some emotional warmth for a fleeting moment.

More from Smithsonian.com:

We Have No Idea What Makes Us Happy  
The (Scientific) Pursuit of Happiness 

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For Immediate In-the-Moment Happiness, Head Outdoors

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