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Marijuana might be the “Ferrari” of THC production, but could yeast be the Tesla?

Marijuana might be the “Ferrari” of THC production, but could yeast be the Tesla?

By on 15 Sep 2015commentsShare

If we start making THC with microbes, rather than marijuana plants, what image will we use to replace the iconic pot leaf?

This isn’t a ridiculous question — well, it is, but it’s not unfounded. Researchers at Technical University of Dortmund in Germany have genetically modified yeast to make THC. (For a primer on how scientists engineer microbes, check out this video on synthetic biology.)

Fermenting THC with microbes could be much less resource-intensive than growing actual pot plants, which require a lot of water and light. It could also help facilitate much-needed medical research on the potential health benefits of THC and other compounds in marijuana. Here’s more from The New York Times:

Synthetic versions of THC are available in pill form under brand names like Marinol and Cesamet; they are generally used to treat nausea,vomiting and loss of appetite caused by H.I.V.infection or cancer chemotherapy. Genetically modified yeast could make THC in a cheaper and more streamlined way than traditional chemical synthesis.

Using yeast could also shed light on the clinical usefulness of cannabis-derived compounds. Marijuana is increasingly embraced as medicine, yet there is limited evidence that it is effective against many of the conditions for which it is prescribed. Researchers hoping to separate fact from wishful thinking will need much better access to marijuana’s unique constituents. Modified yeast may provide them.

“This is something that could literally change the lives of millions of people,” said Kevin Chen, the chief executive of Hyasynth Bio, a company working to create yeasts that produce THC and cannabidiol, another marijuana compound of medicinal interest.

For now, microbe-made THC is pretty far from commercial viability. The yeast can only churn out small amounts of THC at a time, and they require special “precursor molecules” in order to do so, The Times reports. In a perfect world, they’d be able to make a lot of THC using only simple sugars, and then, presumably, they’d crave even more of that sugar once they’re drowning in THC (just kidding — that’s not how this works). Jonathan Page, an adjust professor at the University of British Columbia who contributed to this research, told The Times:

“Right now, we have a plant that is essentially the Ferrari of the plant world when it comes to producing the chemical of interest,” Dr. Page said. “Cannabis is hard to beat.”

Still, this research shows that it’s possible to get THC from microbes. So while these scientists have a lot of work ahead of them, it’s not too early to start thinking about how we’re going to rebrand pot culture. I say we replace the leaf with a microbe munching on a THC-infused brownie — you know, because it’s like it’s eating its own excrement, which is hilarious, especially if you’re high.

Source:

Newly Risen from Yeast: THC

, The New York Times.

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Marijuana might be the “Ferrari” of THC production, but could yeast be the Tesla?

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Is an Anti-Cancer Drug Growing in Your Front Lawn?

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Is an Anti-Cancer Drug Growing in Your Front Lawn?

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Friday Cat Blogging – May 1 2015

Mother Jones

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With Kevin concentrating on his cancer treatment, we’ve rounded up some big writers to keep things rolling on the blog by contributing posts in his honor. But let’s be honest: nothing’s bigger on the internet than cats. So in addition to appearances from Hopper and Hilbert, we’re taking this chance to introduce you to some other cats behind the people at Mother Jones.

Today, that’s Olga, who lives in Oakland with Lynnea Wool, our senior staff accountant. Among many other things, Lynnea is responsible for (full disclosure) making sure I get my paycheck. So I’d better blog carefully.

Olga was the runt of a litter of Himalayan Persians when Lynnea adopted her one fine day seven years ago. Since then, they’ve had many happy moments. She just loves to have her armpits scratched:

For a special treat, her cat-mom will put a small piece of cheese—the stinkier the better—straight on her tongue.

This longhair needs regular trims, and I was very impressed to hear about Lynnea’s method. While Olga’s sleeping on her side, Lynnea will cut one half. Olga wakes up looking something like Two-Face, and roams around like that until Lynnea happens to catch her sleeping on her other side. Wish we had a picture of that! But you’ll have to agree this one’s a pretty good consolation prize:

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Friday Cat Blogging – May 1 2015

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This Earth Day, Pledge to Ditch These 7 Toxic Chemicals

Why not make Earth Day matter this year? Pledge to ditch these 7 toxic chemicals in favor of more natural and healthy products.

1) Triclosan – Triclosan is an antibacterial agent found in soaps, shampoos, hand sanitizers, sanitary wipes and many cleaning products. Doctors worry that its overuse – and our overexposure to it – are reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics to fight germs. In fact, triclosan and other antibacterials may be giving rise to a group of “super bugs” that can’t be controlled with normal courses of treatment. Fortunately, the way to reduce the impact of most household germs is simply by washing our hands, bodies and surfaces with warm soapy water. Skip the antibacterial wipes and dispensers of antibacterial lotion that seem to be everywhere.

2) BPA – Bisphenol-A is a chemical compound that makes plastic soft and malleable, which is why for years it was used in baby products like baby bottles and nipples, water bottles, and water hoses. In animal studies, it’s been show to mimic hormones like estrogen. It’s also been linked to problems with the development of the reproductive and nervous systems. Many companies have phased it out of bottles, but it still shows up in the lining of cans used for canned food. To be safe, use a stainless steel or glass water bottle, glass baby bottles, and food that’s either frozen or in its natural state.

3) The Nail Polish ‘Toxic Trio’ – Many conventional nail polishes contain three chemicals that have been linked to birth defects, cancer and general malaise. The chemicals are toluene, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and formaldehyde. Fortunately, it is now possible to find non-toxic nail polish that’s water and mineral-based, and some of those are “5-free,” meaning they also are free of formaldehyde resin and camphor. You can see a list of safer nail polishes here.

4) Glyphosate – Glyphosate is what’s called a “broad spectrum herbicide.” It’s used to kill weeds, especially broadleaf weeds and grasses that compete with agricultural crops, or lawns or ornamental plants around our homes. It’s marketed as Roundup, Rodeo or Pondmaster; you have probably heard of “Roundup Ready Seeds,” which are used to produce many of the foods we eat. Use of Roundup, or glyphosate, has become so widespread that it is now contaminating drinking water. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified it as “probably carcinogenic to humans.” It is also leading to antibiotic resistance, reports Civil Eats. If your week-killer is either Roundup or contains glyphosate, stop using it and take it to your community’s nearest toxic waste drop-off facility. You can find safer, more natural weed control options here, or forego grass altogether in favor of native ground covers that require little maintenance to look beautiful.

5) Neonics – Neonics is a nick name for neonicotinoids, a class of insecticides that are chemically related to nicotine. They are toxic to insects and popular with farmers and gardeners because they can be applied to the soil and when the soil is watered, they will be taken up by plants. When an insect sucks on a treated plant, it will die. Neonics show up on an insecticide label as something like acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, or imidacloprid. They kill wood boring pests, flies, and many other insects – including bees. In fact, the “colony collapse” being experienced by bees all over the U.S. could be directly attributable to beesfeeding on nectar and pollen on plants that have been treated with neonics.The evidence has led Lowe’s to promise to phase out the sale of plants raised from seeds treated with neonics. Before you buy garden plants this year, make sure to inquire whether they have been treated with neonics in any way.

6) Lead – Even though lead is a toxic chemical, it is frequently found in the pigments used to color lipstick and make it shimmer. Lead has long been linked to harming the intellectual development of infants and children; women who unknowingly apply leaded lipstick and lick their lips all day could be susceptible, as well. Fortunately, there are some safe alternatives, including plant-based lip balms and products made by companies that are committed to safer cosmetics. No matter what you use, keep your lipstick out of the reach of kids, who might not just play with it. They might eat it!

7)Parabens –Parabens are a chemical compound used as a preservative in cosmetics, moisturizers, hair care products, some deodorants, and shaving products, among others. On a product label, you might see the ingredient listed as methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben or benzylparaben. Typically, only tiny amounts of parabens are added to a product. However, because consumers apply so many different products to their bodies, and those products are used every day, questions have been raised about the cumulative impact that parabens could have on human health. Parabens have been associated with certain forms of breast cancer, notes WebMD, which has prompted many people to switch to products that are parabens-free.

This Earth Day, take a moment to read the labels of the products you have around your home. Put aside those containing the chemicals listed above, and switch them out for safer, healthier options, many of which you can find in your local grocery store. You can definitely find them online!

Source: 

This Earth Day, Pledge to Ditch These 7 Toxic Chemicals

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Meet the New Endocrine-Disrupting Plastic Chemical, Same as the Old One

Mother Jones

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By now, most people know about the common plastic additive bisphenol A (BPA), which behaves like estrogen in our bodies and has been linked to a range of health problems, including cancer, birth defects, and irregular brain development in kids. Like other endocrine-disrupting chemicals, BPA seems to cause hormonal damage at extremely low levels. In a 2014 story, my colleague Mariah Blake brought home an unsettling point: The chemical compounds that manufacturers have been scrambling to use in place of BPA might be just as bad.

And now a new paper, published on the peer-reviewed Environmental Health Perspectives, examines the science around two common chemicals used in “BPA-Free” packaging: BPS and BPF. The authors looked at 32 studies and concluded that “based on the current literature, BPS and BPF are as hormonally active as BPA, and have endocrine-disrupting effects.” In other words, the cure may be just as bad as the disease.

It’s not clear how widely these substitutes are being used, because manufacturers aren’t required to disclose what they put in packaging. But there’s evidence that BPS is quite common. BPA, for example, is widely used in paper receipts to make them more durable; and in a 2014 study, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency tested paper receipts from 19 facilities, and found that nine contained BPA and nine contained BPS. The researchers concluded that BPS is “being used as a common alternative to BPA in thermal paper applications, and in comparable concentrations.”

Because “BPS has also been found to be an endocrine active chemical,” the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency urges the state’s businesses to shift to electronic receipts. I’ve taken on a similar strategy—I’m even phasing out my beloved canned craft beer, because cans used by the food and beverage industries tend to be lined with BPA. Unlike the businessman in The Graduate, I’ve got two words, not one—at least until the chemical industry can prove it can create a genuinely safe BPA substitute: Avoid plastics.

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Meet the New Endocrine-Disrupting Plastic Chemical, Same as the Old One

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5 Ways the Keystone Pipeline Might Make People Sick

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5 Ways the Keystone Pipeline Might Make People Sick

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5 Ways to Avoid Pesticides In & Around Your Home

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5 Ways to Avoid Pesticides In & Around Your Home

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The Million Dollar Question: Can Washing Conventional Produce Make It As Pure As Organic?

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The Million Dollar Question: Can Washing Conventional Produce Make It As Pure As Organic?

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Skip the Styrene, Skip the Cancer

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Skip the Styrene, Skip the Cancer

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Monsanto is Messing With Animals’ Sperm

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Monsanto is Messing With Animals’ Sperm

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