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Kids who breathe polluted air have higher rates of mental illness

cough cough

Kids who breathe polluted air have higher rates of mental illness

By on Jun 15, 2016Share

We know air pollution is linked to heart disease and puts people at risk for stroke. Now a new study reveals that even a small rise in air pollution is associated with a significant rise in mental illness in young people, as reported in The Guardian.

Researchers in Sweden tracked more than 500,000 children under the age of 18 for the study. They matched air pollution concentrations with mental-illness medication dispensed for kids, ranging from sleeping pills to antipsychotics. Places with elevated rates of air pollution were more likely to be places where young people had prescriptions for psychiatric drugs.

Mental illness can hamper a child’s development and “the potential to live fulfilling and productive lives,” the researchers wrote. Although they conducted their study half-a-world away, they pointed to other research that links air pollution to anxiety and depression in California, adding to the growing body of evidence that air pollution can be harmful.

Oh, and just a reminder: Here in the U.S., your race too often indicates whether you live with polluted air and all its consequences.

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First mammal goes extinct because of climate change

my oh melomys

First mammal goes extinct because of climate change

By on Jun 14, 2016Share

Pour one out for the melomys: the first mammal in recorded history to go extinct thanks to climate change.

Wait, the memonly-lemony what? Get ready for a spit take, because the Bramble Cay melomys is — excuse me, was — a rat.

An upstanding resident of a tiny, isolated island in the Great Barrier Reef, the rodent spent its days minding its own business: scrambling through herbaceous vegetation, foraging for succulents, and treating itself to the occasional turtle egg. That is, until the ocean indiscriminately swallowed up its low-lying coral cay, which — it turns out — is a very effective form of pest control.

A recent report from the University of Queensland confirmed that climate change was the root cause of the melomys’ eradication: Sea levels rose at twice the rate of the global average in the waters surrounding Bramble Cay, drenching a full 97 percent of the melomys’ habitat between 2004 and 2014.

Though it may be the first mammal officially to disappear due to climate change, the melomys is far from the last. Our changing climate is on track to wipe out up to one-sixth of the species on this planet, according to a 2015 study.

But of all the species dead or alive, I think it’s fair to say the poor melomys is the most like a drowned rat. Goodbye, dear melomys: We only learned of your existence today, but we’re sorry we missed our chance to meet you!

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Believe it or not, some corals are doing just fine right now

Believe it or not, some corals are doing just fine right now

By on May 27, 2016Share

Coral reefs aren’t exactly in a happy place right now — more like a terrifying brink, actually. Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is now 93 percent bleached, and Florida’s reefs are straight-up crumbling.

But if you dive a little deeper, a couple hundred feet beneath the surface, some corals seem to be doing OK. And according to a new report commissioned by the United Nations, those reefs might be a lifeline for their counterparts in shallower waters.

Mesophotic coral ecosystems — mesophotic means “middle light” — exist in the so-called “twilight zone” between the ocean’s brightly lit, shallow waters and its sunless, inky depths. Frankly, we don’t know a lot about ocean life this far down, since it’s deeper than we can comfortably get to by scuba-diving.

But we do have a few important pieces of knowledge about mesophotic life: 1) Its corals are generally sheltered from stressors like bleaching, overfishing, pollution, storms, and disease; 2) Some of its coral and fish species are genetically similar to their surface-level counterparts; and 3) Mesophotic corals look like a rainbow glow stick party.

To connect the dots: This means that if our shallow reef systems are decimated, they have a kind of insurance policy (in fluorescent colors!) in these mesophotic corals, which could help replenish surface reefs and supply much-needed genetic diversity.

But don’t grab your techno-scuba gear just yet. It’s possible that some mesophotic coral ecosystems may be just as vulnerable to threats as shallower systems. And if we did try to introduce mesophotic species in surface reefs, we’d have to do so carefully — after all, human intervention is why we have so many coral skeletons on our hands in the first place.

Repopulating shallow reefs with deeper sea corals is a back-up plan, but it’s a reminder that there’s still hope. Corals survived five big extinction events in the 250-some million years before we came along. Now we’re counting on our most resilient corals to adapt and lead the way again.

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Meet the nun trying to reform Exxon Mobil

Meet the nun trying to reform Exxon Mobil

By on May 26, 2016Share

Rex Tillerson runs Exxon Mobil, historically the world’s most profitable company, which raked in a cool $16 billion last year. On Wednesday, he found himself sitting across from Sister Patricia Daly, a Brooklyn-born Dominican nun from Caldwell, N.J., and member of a coalition that manages more than $100 billion in assets — including a stake in the oil and gas company. Between the two of them, there was a whole lot of money on the table.

“Decades have been lost in the fight against climate change, due in part to our company’s campaign of disinformation,” Daly said, as she presented a statement at Exxon’s shareholder meeting in Dallas, Texas, this week. Daly, along with the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility, was there to propose a resolution that Exxon acknowledge its “moral imperative” and address climate change. The resolution demands that Exxon adopt business policies consistent with limiting average global warming to under 2 degrees C.

The company, Daly explained, owes it to their investors to do this.

“We’ve been clear from the beginning that we were taking the issue on because the poorest people on the planet were experiencing the greatest impact,” she said. “And they’re also the people who had very little to contribute to climate change.”

This campaign comes at a time of energetic engagement on the part of religious groups in climate action, perhaps epitomized by the release of Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si last year. The document railed against obstructionism of climate solutions which “can range from denial of the problem to indifference, nonchalant resignation, or blind confidence in technical solutions.” That text, coupled with the promises of the Paris agreement, spurred Daly and her coalition to act.

Sister Daly at the Numont Mine in Peru.Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility

But it wasn’t enough to force Exxon Mobil’s hand. At the end of Daly’s speech, Tillerson recommended that the company’s board vote against her resolution — and they did just that, earning only 18.5 percent of votes in favor.

“We have a pool in my office, and I was the most optimistic one,” she told Grist, explaining that the support for her resolution was nevertheless much higher than she expected. Out of nine climate-related resolutions proposed on Wednesday, just one passed: A shareholder resolution calling for more investor input on board nominations, which could pave the way for more climate-concerned board members in the future. 

The phrase “moral imperative” may be new in the world of oil and multi-billion-dollar stocks. Daly, who is also executive director of the Tri-State Coalition for Responsible Investment, acknowledges that requiring it “is a little weird” for the companies. “But we’re born into this planet and we should be upstanding people,” she said.

As Daly explains, if Exxon were to accept this imperative, it would need to adjust both its energy outlook and its business plan, and come forward with a new plan that would be truthful in a way that Daly says the company has never been before.

“They weren’t truthful, they didn’t tell the truth,” Daly says, referring to recent evidence that Exxon’s climate scientists and leadership knew about the relationship between fossil fuels and climate change as early as the 1960s. “They never offered that.”

Daly’s campaigns for corporate responsibility, including against the likes of General Electric and Ford, has earned her some hate mail over the years from proponents of the fossil fuel industry. But it’s worth it, she says, because each company she goes up against is another skirmish in the battle for climate justice. That’s Daly’s moral imperative.

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You’ve geeked out over “An Inconvenient Truth.” Watch these next.

You’ve geeked out over “An Inconvenient Truth.” Watch these next.

By on May 24, 2016Share

Along with a good chunk of the environmental space, Grist is celebrating the 10-year anniversary of the release of An Inconvenient Truth, the Oscar-winning documentary that dragged climate change in front of the eyeballs of millions. (Check out our complete oral history of the film and interviews with the activists, politicians, and artists it influenced.)

Perhaps you’re in celebration mode, too, and have re-watched the documentary in all its early-2000s Keynote glory. (If not, you can for free today!) Perhaps you’re feeling inspired. Stand tall! Sub out that incandescent sack of filaments for a lovely compact fluorescent lamp! You’re an environmentalist!

Now wipe your brow with a recyclable, grab an armload of in-season fruit, and binge watch these classic environmental docs next.


Food, Inc.

From Participant Media (the same folks that produced An Inconvenient Truth), Food, Inc. tells the story of our utterly zany industrial food system. After watching, this author stopped eating fast food for good (though, to be honest, not for lack of desire). Watch: Netflix.

Gasland

Josh Fox’s documentary on hydraulic fracturing helped launch the anti-fracking movement. A true conversation about climate change isn’t “possible without the awareness An Inconvenient Truth brought,” he told Grist, but here’s a conversation-starter, by way of the energy system. Watch: Netflix.

Chasing Ice

Photographer James Balog traveled to the Arctic to capture photos of dramatically receding — and in some cases, disappearing — ice. If you weren’t already convinced climate change is serious, these glaciers beg to differ. Watch: Netflix.

This Changes Everything

When Naomi Klein published This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate in 2014, she pointed to climate change as an opportunity to rework our entire economic system. But what about the people in that system? The film project of the same name is, according to director Avi Lewis, “a portrait of community struggle around the world on the front lines of fossil fuel extraction and the climate crisis.”

For the optimal dose of anger and action, don’t sub the book out for the movie: Soak ’em both in back-to-back. Watch: iTunes, Amazon.

Under the Dome

China has an air pollution problem. In Under the Dome, that problem is laid out with pressing slideshow wizardry. Remind you of another environmental movie? Deborah Seligsohn, former principal adviser to the World Resources Institute’s China energy and climate program, points to the documentary as An Inconvenient Truth’s most immediate descendent. “In four days, it had 250 million views on the web. That’s the influence,” she told Grist. Watch: YouTube (below!).

Catching the Sun

Catching the Sun confronts the big questions imposed by a burgeoning global solar industry. Is a 100-percent solar-powered world achievable? And if so, who stands to benefit? Director Shalini Kantayya has called mainstream environmentalism “a thing for the privileged.” As she told Grist, “If you have extra money, you can put solar panels on your home or pay for organic food.”

The documentary is Kantayya’s take on where environmentalism should be heading. Spoiler alert: It’s a story of hope, not doom. Watch: Netflix.

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You’ve geeked out over “An Inconvenient Truth.” Watch these next.

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Here’s one way GMOs aren’t beating evolution

Here’s one way GMOs aren’t beating evolution

By on May 24, 2016Share

There’s a smart piece in Nature about the limitations of genetic engineering in creating more efficient crops. It’s the story of old methods trumping the new. Whether it’s radio, vinyl records, or books, we see over and over again that older technologies fill a vital role in the modern world. Likewise, plant breeders working with traditional techniques “are overtaking agricultural-biotechnology companies that have invested years of work in tests with GM crops,” writes Natasha Gilbert.

Gilbert is focused on the breeding of nutrient-efficient crops — plants that can thrive with less fertilizer. In this competition, genetic engineers are squaring off against evolution and losing. There’s already an evolutionary incentive for plants to be efficient. If one plant survives in poor soil where others cannot, that plant will be more successful at spreading its DNA. So, for millions of years, evolution has already been working on the same task. Often the solutions are already out there. It’s just a matter of finding the right traits in the wild or in the plant’s genome.

Certain kinds of genetic engineering, especially small-scale gene editing, can still be useful in breeding nutrient-efficient crops. But GMOs are much more likely to be useful in areas where evolution hasn’t already been able to tackle the problem, like moving disease resistance between banana varieties that no longer reproduce sexually and therefore can’t exchange genes.

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Organic industry sales put Monsanto’s to shame

Organic industry sales put Monsanto’s to shame

By on May 19, 2016Share

If there was some stock index fund that covered organic food businesses, I’d want to invest my savings in it. In the United States organic food sales have grown steadily at around 10 percent a year since the Great Recession (and at higher rates before that), which puts the stock market to shame.

In 2015 organic product sales revenue grew 11 percent, while the rest of the food market grew at a rate of 3 percent, according to the Organic Trade Association’s annual survey of the industry. Total sales reached $43.3 billion, which makes the organic industry a force to be reckoned with. For comparison, Monsanto brought in just under $15 billion in revenue last year, and Whole Foods brought a little over $15 billion.

When people have the disposable income they’re pretty quick to take a step up the price ladder from commodity food. Organic food still only amounts to five percent of the U.S. market, which suggests that there’s room for more growth.

The term organic doesn’t automatically mean the food is produced with the best environmental practices, or that it’s healthier and tastier, but it often is: The higher prices provide farmers with bigger margins, and that gives them a greater ability to attend to quality and stewardship.

Here’s our explainer on what organic signifies.

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This herb could be the secret to curbing cows’ climate-changing burps

This herb could be the secret to curbing cows’ climate-changing burps

By on May 13, 2016 3:50 pmShare

Oregano may seem like an unlikely ingredient in the fight against climate change. But this modest herb could make cows’ methane-heavy belches — a big contributor to the warming of our planet — a little less potent.

Oregano’s essential oil contains carvacrol, an antimicrobial that kills off some of the methane-producing bacteria in the cow’s rumen. Danish researchers who are investigating oregano’s methane-suppressing abilities hope that it could reduce cows’ methane emissions by a quarter. Nearly 15 percent of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to livestock, and 65 percent of that total comes from raising beef and dairy cattle.

NPR points out that oregano oil isn’t the only solution to cutting down cows’ ballooning emissions. Scientists have explored unpronounceable alternatives like 3-nitrooxypopanal, a methane-inhibiting chemical. But those may not be compatible with organic guidelines, and many of the people who care about cows’ methane emissions are the same ones who buy organic milk.

We could just eat less dairy and beef. But while some Americans are starting to shift away from meat, that change may not happen soon enough. It might behoove us to get our cows chewing oregano cud, since that could be one small solution we could implement fast.

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Oil-rich Alaska has surprising solar power potential

Oil-rich Alaska has surprising solar power potential

By on May 10, 2016Share

In oil-rich Alaska, where there’s little sunlight in the winter, solar power isn’t an obvious option.

But it is a promising one. A recent study from the U.S. Department of Energy looked at the potential of solar in 11 remote Alaskan villages and found that in many areas, it’s cost-competitive with diesel.

Some 175 Alaskan communities rely almost exclusively on petroleum products like diesel for their energy needs — not exactly an optimal situation for energy security in these remote towns, where transporting fuel comes at a high cost. People in these communities pay more for power than anywhere else in the U.S. That’s one big reason these communities could stand to diversify the energy eggs they’re putting in their resilience baskets. Since solar energy isn’t practical during the winter, it’s important that these communities rely on a combination of energy sources (wind is an option some towns have explored).

Overall, thanks to Alaska’s sunny, radiant summers, the solarscape looks more promising than you might expect given those dreary winter months. The DOE study compares the state’s solar potential to that of Germany, the world’s current poster child for all things solar and wind, which isn’t particularly sunny, either. The image below compares how much solar radiation shines down on both regions in terms of kilowatt-hours per square meter per day.

Billy J. Roberts/National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Looks like solar’s not just for sun-drenched California anymore.

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New documentary gives us an idea of what will survive climate change

New documentary gives us an idea of what will survive climate change

By on May 5, 2016Share

“I had to make a place in my heart for despair, and just keep doing the work,” climate activist Tim DeChristopher tells the camera. The statement is a perfect encapsulation of Gasland director Josh Fox’s latest documentary. But despite DeChristopher’s seemingly dreary outlook, Fox’s ode to a post-climate change world is not all doom and gloom.

The film, under the Seussian title How to Let Go of the World and Love All the Things Climate Can’t Change, takes Fox across 12 countries on six continents. He highlights communities that are fighting back against fossil fuel extraction and seeks out the things that climate change can’t destroy — like human ingenuity. DeChristopher, for example, bid on federal leases and effectively blocked the sale of thousands of acres of canyonlands in Utah to oil development. How to Let Go is currently screening across the U.S., and Fox is touring with it to meet with activists while promoting the film’s message.

HBO Documentary Films

The film is a departure from the 2010 documentary Gasland, which earned Fox an Oscar nomination for Best Documentary and a reputation as a prominent voice in the movement to ban the process of hydraulic fracturing, bka fracking, across the U.S. In contrast to Gasland, which blew the whistle on an at-the-time unknown extraction technique, Fox’s new film takes a fresh angle on the well-known problem of climate change, and focuses, he says, on solutions.

“What does have an effect is mobilizing in the streets, disrupting the system in some way, through non-violent political action,” he told Grist. “If we had 5 percent of the U.S. population in the streets, you’d see real action.”

So what are the things that climate change can’t destroy? Well, spoiler alert: besides the good attitudes of an army of activists, not a whole lot. But the film does give audiences a crash course in climate organizing to adapt to those changes. In one of the film’s most moving storylines, a group of Pacific Islanders stage a demonstration in traditional canoes at the world’s largest coal port in Newcastle, Australia. With police boats zooming past them to kick up waves, one of the canoes capsizes, forcing its weeping rowers back to shore. But the canoe, quickly repaired, returns to blockade the 40-foot-tall coal tanker. It’s an apt metaphor for the struggle of a tiny group of people who are up against a global catastrophe.

HBO Documentary Films

“We need to win from within,” says Mika Maiava, one of the rowers leading the charge. “So even if the people look at you like you’re losing, you’re not losing, because you already won in your heart. That energy you give out will change someone else’s heart.”

Fox also interviews New Yorkers recovering from the unexpected disaster of Hurricane Sandy, mothers campaigning for their children’s health in the smog-filled streets of Beijing, and other on-the-ground climate warriors. The result is a diverse overview of what people are doing around the world to make the reality of climate change a little less painful.

“What we’re looking at right now is that we are disastrously late in addressing climate change and that extreme measures need to be taken,” Fox said. “Even that won’t stop the havoc, but we have to examine our own lives and the way Americans live.”

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