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Toxic algae is wiping out Florida’s manatees

Toxic algae is wiping out Florida’s manatees

Florida has the world’s largest population of manatees, around 5,000 of the adorable, curious, endangered sea cows. In 1996, a red algae bloom killed 151 of them. Until this year, it was the most lethal red tide on record. But Florida has outdone itself this time.

So far this year, 241 manatees have been killed by a red algae bloom off the southwestern coast of the state. All across Florida, at least 463 manatees have died from a variety of causes, “more deaths than had been recorded in any previous comparable period,” reports The New York Times — more than 9 percent of the population in just over three months.

Susie Cagle

Red tides are an annual occurrence in Florida, but this one’s been particularly terrible, killing countless fish and sickening beach-goers back in January. The algae clings to animals’ food sources, and contains a nerve toxin that can kill those that ingest it. Instead of swimming away from all that poison, Florida manatees have been attracted to the artificially warmed water outflows of coastal power plants, which has kept them in the algae’s way.

More from the Times:

Experts are uncertain why this year’s algae bloom was so lengthy and toxic. Phosphorus runoff from fertilized farms and lawns may have contributed, because algae thrive on a phosphorus diet. The Caloosahatchee River, which runs through rural Florida farmland, empties into the ocean at Fort Myers.

But [aquatic biologist Pat] Rose and Dr. Martine DeWit, a veterinarian with the state’s Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, say a major cause may be an unfortunate coincidence of weather and timing.

That “unfortunate coincidence” was a mild winter and not much wind. This is beginning to sound a whole lot like climate change, with a little help from our friends in industrial farming.

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Climate changes for wine regions could mean hangovers for wildlife

Climate changes for wine regions could mean hangovers for wildlife

Wine grapes are about as sensitive as your head the morning after you’ve tied one on with a bottle of Bordeaux: They need just the right climate to thrive. And that climate, of course, is changing.

A new study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences predicts the rapid decline of wine-growing regions from California to Australia — quite the headache for the $290 billion a year global wine industry.

The Guardian reports:

Researchers predict a two-thirds fall in production in the world’s premier wine regions because of climate change. …

The scientists used 17 different climate models to gauge the effects on nine major wine-producing areas. They used two different climate futures for 2050, one assuming a worst-case scenario with a 4.7C (8.5F) warming, the other a 2.5C increase.

Both forecast a radical re-ordering of the wine world. The most drastic decline was expected in Europe, where the scientists found a 85% decrease in production in Bordeaux, Rhone and Tuscany.

The future was also bleak for wine growing areas of Australia, with a 74% drop, and California, with a 70% fall

Wine growers in the Cape area of South Africa would also be hit hard, with a 55% decline. Chile’s wine producers would expect losses of about 40%, the study found.

But it’s not like we’re gonna give up the stuff, of course. Winegrowers are expected to turn to heavier irrigation to keep their vineyards producing for now. And ultimately some will start looking to move to higher, cooler ground — with potentially grave impacts for the animals and plants that already live there.

“One of the adaptation strategies for grape growers will be to move into areas that have a suitable climate,” Rebecca Shaw, a scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund and an author of the paper, told The New York Times. “This adaptation has the potential to threaten the survival of wildlife.”

A warmer world could open up grape-friendly growing regions right in the middle of critical wildlife areas: the Yellowstone-to-Yukon migratory corridor near the U.S.-Canada border, and endangered giant panda habitat in China. Pandas especially have good reason these days for wanting to drink their problems away, but let’s not push the bottle on them, folks.

Wine lovers, drink up while you’re still able, but you might also want to develop a taste for beer sold in reusable growlers.

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Climate changes for wine regions could mean hangovers for wildlife

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Good news, Arkansas: Tar-sands oil isn’t oil-oil

Good news, Arkansas: Tar-sands oil isn’t oil-oil

So far, the thousands of barrels of tar-sands oil that spilled into a middle-class neighborhood in central Arkansas on Friday have driven 22 families from their homes and killed and injured a grip of local wildlife. So far, the oil hasn’t contaminated the local lake or drinking water supply, according to ExxonMobil. It’s a “major spill,” according to the EPA, and the cause is so far still under investigation.

But since it’s not oil-oil, ExxonMobil hasn’t paid into the government clean-up fund that would help bankroll the epic scrub-down necessary to rid poor unsuspecting Mayflower, Ark., of all that bitumen.

“A 1980 law ensures that diluted bitumen is not classified as oil, and companies transporting it in pipelines do not have to pay into the federal Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund,” writes Ryan Koronowski at Climate Progress. “Other conventional crude producers pay 8 cents a barrel to ensure the fund has resources to help clean up some of the 54,000 barrels of pipeline oil that spilled 364 times last year.”

Here, this helpful infographic might clear things up for you:

Naturally, ExxonMobil is feeling defensive about the whole “incident,” i.e. “release,” i.e. motherfucking oil spill. Today’s corporate headquarters update makes no mention of how many barrels of tar-sands oil actually hit the ground in Mayflower, but includes lots of numbers on vacuum trucks, storage tanks, responders, and claims (140 as of today). “A few thousand barrels of oil were observed in the area; a response for 10,000 barrels has been undertaken to ensure adequate resources are in place.”

DeSmogBlog ain’t buying it: After a look through ExxonMobil’s spill history, they found the company has a record of paying for immediate clean-up efforts but not for damages. Guess we’ll just have to wait and see if Exxon spontaneously grows a conscience this time — and hope all those other pipelines hold.

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Good news, Arkansas: Tar-sands oil isn’t oil-oil

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Colorado lawmakers want to jack up ridiculously low oil-spill fines

Colorado lawmakers want to jack up ridiculously low oil-spill fines

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Some Colorado lawmakers say $1,000 a day in fines is not enough for an oil spill.

We told you last week about the underground leak of a mysterious “natural-gas liquid” near a gas-processing plant along a creek in western Colorado. The spill was discovered on March 8, and has been spilling ever since, but plant owner Williams Corp. still doesn’t know for sure where it’s coming from.

Meanwhile, some Colorado lawmakers are expressing dismay that state fines for such spills have been capped at $10,000 for the past half century unless the spills are deemed to have “significant adverse impact” on public health or the environment.

From the Denver iJournal:

A Lafayette lawmaker says Colorado’s system of levying fines against oil and gas companies for environmental disasters like the spill this month near Parachute Creek is totally out of whack with other states and needs to be brought “into this century.”

Sponsored in the state House by Rep. Mike Foote, D-Lafayette, and in the Senate by Sen. Matt Jones, D-Louisville, House Bill 1267 [PDF] would increase the maximum daily fine for violators of Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC) regulations to $15,000 and repeal the cap on maximum total fines.

Current law dating to the 1950s sets the daily fine limit at $1,000 and caps maximum fines at $10,000, which Foote argues doesn’t adequately punish polluters and lags far behind other major oil and gas producing states. His bill passed out of the House Transportation & Energy Committee on an 8-5 party-line vote last week and was sent to the Finance Committee.

“In the Texas legislature there’s a proposal to increase [fines] to $200,000 per violation, per day, with no cap,” Foote told the committee last week, “and apparently there’s a trade association that’s in favor of that bill.”

That’s all good and well, but if energy companies can’t find the money for proper maintenance, where would the poor sods find the money to pay oil-spill fines?

Oh, right. Tremendous profits.

John Upton is a science aficionado and green news junkie who

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Obama admin wants hundreds of tiny nuclear reactors built in U.S.

Obama admin wants hundreds of tiny nuclear reactors built in U.S.

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The Department of Energy is working on a strategy that could see as many as 50 small modular nuclear reactors built by the private sector every year by 2040. Many would be sold to the U.S. government; others would be exported and some more might even be imported.

The strategy is being pitched as a way to plug energy holes as the nation’s coal power plants are retired. Never mind all that cheap wind and solar that’s coming online, hey Obama?

From Greenwire:

“We have a vision of having a whole fleet of [small modular reactors] produced in factories,” [DOE nuclear power official Rebecca] Smith-Kevern told a regulatory conference in Bethesda, Md. “We envision the U.S. government to be the first users.”

DOE this week announced a second wave of million-dollar cost-share grants to help the industry design and license the modular reactors, which the administration defines as factory-built plants of less than 300 megawatts that are shipped by truck, barge or rail to construction sites for assembly.

The department awarded the first grants under its $452 million cost-share program to veteran reactor designer Babcock & Wilcox, which is building two small units at the Clinch River site in Oak Ridge, Tenn.

Some are skeptical that these small reactors would be as cost-effective as the government anticipates:

Ed Lyman, a senior scientist with the Union of Concerned Scientists, said capital cost per kilowatt — not the cost of building a reactor itself — is what matters.

“Small plants, of course, cost less than large plants, but they also generate less electricity,” Lyman said. “And with the economies of scale factor, small plants will cost more per kilowatt than large plants unless there is some major cost savings somewhere to offset this factor.”

If mini-reactors do spread far and wide, might we then start seeing some of the most darling nuclear meltdowns ever?

John Upton is a science aficionado and green news junkie who

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blogs about ecology

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Obama admin wants hundreds of tiny nuclear reactors built in U.S.

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Schools across the U.S. will soon start teaching real climate science

Schools across the U.S. will soon start teaching real climate science

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Is that a high concentration of greenhouse gases I see up there?

Schoolkids might soon know more about climate change than you do. Millions of young Americans will finally be taught, in a methodical manner, about the science behind the biggest threat to their generation: climate change.

Inside Climate News reports that new national science standards, which will make global warming lessons a part of the public school curriculum, are expected to be adopted by the 26 states that helped craft them. Another 15 states have indicated that they may also adopt the standards. Textbook publisher McGraw-Hill thinks that number could climb even higher.

Under the Next Generation Science Standards, which are scheduled to be ready for adoption this spring, students will learn how and why fossil fuel emissions are causing the world to overheat.

The only previous federal science teaching standards were published in 1996, and they avoided the issues of evolution and climate change. It didn’t matter much — the standards were developed without the input of the states, so states have generally been ignoring them. But the new standards were developed with states’ input to help educators and students cut through the scientifically unjustifiable doubt that’s clouded these two subjects. From Inside Climate:

[The standards] recommend that educators teach the evidence for man-made climate change starting as early as elementary school and incorporate it into all science classes, ranging from earth science to chemistry. By eighth grade, students should understand that “human activities, such as the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, are major factors in the current rise in Earth’s mean surface temperature (global warming),” the standards say. …

The … priority was making sure the standards were based on the latest science, said Heidi Schweingruber, deputy director of the Board on Science Education at the National Research Council. This was particularly important for evolution and climate change, which had become so politicized that scientists and educators feared students didn’t know how to separate scientific fact from religious beliefs or political opinion.

The old standards made no mention of climate change because the consensus about whether global warming was happening—and if it was caused by humans—hadn’t been solidified.

“We understand it a lot better now than we did some 15 years ago,” Schweingruber said.

Many teachers have been skipping the subject altogether to avoid confrontations with conservative administrators or parents. Others teach it as a controversial theory, either because they don’t understand the evidence for global warming or because they reject it, educators told InsideClimate News.

The new standards should provide kids who grow up around Fox News-watching, Wall Street Journal-reading adults with some immunity from the dangerous virus of misinformation. Maybe some enlightened students will even help their parents come to grips with basic climate science.

nextgenscience.org

States colored blue helped craft the national science standards and are expected to adopt them. Other states might also adopt the standards. Texas will not.

John Upton is a science aficionado and green news junkie who

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Carbon dioxide levels made a big, scary jump in 2012

Carbon dioxide levels made a big, scary jump in 2012

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/ Galyna AndrushkoNOAA’s carbon dioxide measurements are taken at Mauna Loa, Hawaii.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rose to just under 395 parts per million last year, according to new figures from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Compare that to the 350 ppm target that many climate scientists and activists say we need to get down to — activists like those at, yes, 350.org.

Global CO2 levels last year jumped by 2.67 parts per million, which might not sound like a dramatic leap, but it’s the second highest one-year increase since record-keeping began in 1959, surpassed only by the 1998 spike of 2.93 ppm.

From the Associated Press:

In 2009, the world’s nations agreed on a voluntary goal of limiting global warming to 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit [2 degrees Celsius] over pre-industrial temperature levels. Since the mid-1800s temperatures have already risen about 1.5 degrees. Current pollution trends translate to another 2.5 to 4.5 degrees of warming within the next several decades, [says John Reilly of MIT’s Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change].

“The prospects of keeping climate change below that [3.6 degree F goal] are fading away,” [NOAA’s Pieter] Tans says.

Why are greenhouse gas levels rising so quickly? From the same article:

More coal-burning power plants, especially in the developing world, are the main reason emissions keep going up — even as they have declined in the U.S. and other places, in part through conservation and cleaner energy.

At the same time, plants and the world’s oceans, which normally absorb some carbon dioxide, last year took in less than they do on average, says [Reilly]. Plant and ocean absorption of carbon varies naturally year to year.

But, Tans tells The Associated Press the major factor is ever-rising fossil fuel burning: “It’s just a testament to human influence being dominant.”

Hurrah for dominance. Maybe now let’s use that dominance to do some actual good?

John Upton is a science aficionado and green news junkie who

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blogs about ecology

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Carbon dioxide levels made a big, scary jump in 2012

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Energy-efficiency program killed in Louisiana

Energy-efficiency program killed in Louisiana

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This guy just killed an energy-efficiency program.

Ooh, so close. Louisiana was about to become the 47th state to help electricity customers buy efficient appliances and make other energy-saving investments.

The Louisiana Public Service Commission had voted 3-2 to in December to approve an energy-efficiency program. Money raised from a new fee on electricity sales would be funneled back to customers in the form of energy-saving subsidies. But then longtime board member Jimmy Field, a supporter of the program, retired from the commission. He was replaced by Scott Angelle, Gov. Bobby Jindal’s former natural resources secretary.

And then commission chairman Eric Skrmetta, who opposed the energy-efficiency program, decided it was time for the commission to cast new votes.

Angelle voted “no” on the program, killing with a 3-2 vote what the Baton Rouge Advocate newspaper described as “the product of an alliance between consumer groups, environmentalists, privately owned utility corporations and the major manufacturers to provide discounts for many home improvements.”

Skrmetta refused to allow the public to voice their support (or opposition) to the program before the commissioners cast their new votes Wednesday, saying they had heard plenty enough testimony back in December, which was before Angelle joined the commission. And that wasn’t the extent of the funny business. From The Advocate:

Jordan Macha, associate regional organizer for the Sierra Club, said the issue was added to the PSC agenda late Friday, giving proponents only two business days’ notice of the move to abandon the program that took three years to put together.

And with that bastardization of democracy, Skrmetta dashed the Cajun State’s glorious prospects of making history by becoming not quite the very last state to adopt such an energy-saving program.

John Upton is a science aficionado and green news junkie who

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blogs about ecology

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johnupton@gmail.com

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We’ve heard it all before: E15 opponents trot out tired arguments at Congressional hearing

We’ve heard it all before: E15 opponents trot out tired arguments at Congressional hearing

Posted 26 February 2013 in

National

Today, executives from AAA and the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) are on Capitol Hill, attempting to cast doubt on the safety of the renewable fuel known as E15. Since we expect to hear the same tired arguments trotted out once again this afternoon, let’s take a look at the parties involved:

According to its own website, AAA touts “tools to help motorists save on the high price of gas.” But if AAA were truly trying to help their members save money on gas, they would support increased access to lower-cost renewable fuel. AAA also prides itself on helping Americans drive safely. If that’s the case, they should support the most extensively trialed fuel in history: E15. E15 has been put through the paces exhaustively, with 6.5 million miles of testing. It seems strange to us that a group ostensibly responsible for protecting American motorists would spend time and resources attacking a renewable fuel that saves consumers money at the pump and provides a much needed alternative to oil.

As for the AMA, the EPA states explicitly that E15 is not intended for motorcycle engines, so we’re mystified as to why they’re testifying today: is it possible they signed up for the wrong hearing?

The most egregious part of today’s proceedings is not so much who is testifying, but who is not. Despite this being a hearing on the safety of E15, not a single ethanol expert has been invited to speak. So in lieu of a balanced panel, here are a few questions we’d ask this afternoon:

Has the EPA approved E15? Is E15 approved for use by any car or light truck model year 2001 or later? Is it legal to use E15 in a motorcycle?
Did DOE conduct extensive peer-reviewed, standardized testing of 86 cars that represented all major vehicle models, which were each operated up to 120,000 miles—or over 6 million miles in total—to ensure that E15 would not harm a vehicle?
Did DOE find any increased risk of engine damage from using E15?
As the House Science Committee members know, methodology can often skew the results of any study. How does CRC’s testing methodology compare to that used in millions of miles of testing conducted for EPA by DOE and various national laboratories? Was this testing conducted over an extended period or just a few months? How many cars were tested and how?
Do the witnesses on this panel receive funding from the oil or refining industries in support of their work on E15, fuels, or any other portion of their organization’s portfolio of policy work?

Hopefully, the members of the House Science Committee will make sure that these questions receive the answers that American taxpayers and consumers deserve.

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We’ve heard it all before: E15 opponents trot out tired arguments at Congressional hearing

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America thinks we need to fix the climate — after we deal with the deficit

America thinks we need to fix the climate — after we deal with the deficit

“Americans’ Priorities,” the graph is labelled. Underneath, four issues, and the extent to which Americans feel they require urgent action, as suggested to Pew Research. And so:

The most important issue for Congress to address this year, supported by 70 percent of Americans? The long-term deficit. Least urgent of the four? Climate change. Incorrect, America.

From USA Today:

There is bipartisan agreement on this: Dealing with the budget deficit is urgent.

That’s a change. When Obama took office in 2009, during a cascading financial crisis, Americans put deficit reduction in the middle of a list of policy goals in a Pew poll. Now it has risen near the top. Seven of 10 Americans (including not only 81% of Republicans but also 65% of Democrats) say it is essential for the president and Congress to enact major deficit legislation this year. …

When asked which of four issues was most pressing — the deficit, guns, immigration or climate change — 51% chose the deficit, three times that of any other issue. However, there were some significant differences by race and ethnicity. Hispanics were inclined to choose immigration as the most critical issue; African Americans chose guns.

Here’s the breakdown on the urgency question by political party (compared to “everyone”, which represents the entire pool of respondents).

Even most Democrats don’t see an urgent need for action on climate change — fewer than half say it’s a priority for this year. That’s astonishing.

When Pew asked about specific climate policies, the results were a bit more heartening. (You can read Pew’s summary of the data here.)

For example, people were asked which energy policy is more important: developing alternative energy sources or expanding fossil fuel production. Fifty-four percent of respondents said alternative source development was more important; 34 percent (including a majority of Republicans) said fossil fuel exploration was.

Pew also notes that this is a shift in the recent trend. Support for alternative energy had declined from 2011 to 2012. Now, it’s shot back up.

Pew

In part, it’s a function of strong support among young people — which, of course, also correlates to political party.

Pew’s final climate-related question was whether or not respondents support stricter limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants, one of the few things Obama can do unilaterally (even if he’s shown no inclination to do so).

Surprisingly, over 60 percent of respondents favor such action — and Republicans were nearly split, 42 percent in favor compared to 48 percent against.

What does all of this mean? Not a lot. Obama has support to act on developing alternative energy and regulating carbon dioxide emissions — at least until the full weight of opposition and Fox News punditry bears down. If there’s one thing this data suggests, it’s that the views of Americans, typically disinterested in the fine mechanics of government, are shaped by pundits and media focus. There’s absolutely no reason for Americans to consider the deficit more important than gun control or immigration, and especially no reason for them to consider the deficit more urgent than climate change, a problem that grows worse by the minute. But that’s not what is discussed on the news and on news websites. And so that’s not what’s reflected in this poll.

We all know the next step. This poll, blurred by insider priorities, will be held aloft by insiders as proof they were right. And some time, hopefully in the next few years, Obama and Congress will actually take steps to fight climate change.

Philip Bump writes about the news for Gristmill. He also uses Twitter a whole lot.

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