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Federal shutdown freezes Antarctic science, other research

Federal shutdown freezes Antarctic science, other research

Stacy Kim, National Science Foundation

Nothing to see here, folks. Y’all can just stay home this year.

It’s springtime at the South Pole, meaning there soon will be enough daylight and warmth for hardy climate researchers to make their annual haul south — way, way south. (Since Antarctica’s ice sheet would raise seas more than 150 feet upon melting, it seems like an important thing to stay on top of.)

But preparations by America’s team are being threatened by the American government shutdown. NPR explains:

Advance teams have already started working to get things set up and ready for the researchers, who usually begin heading south right about now.

But they’re hearing that the government’s contractor for logistics in Antarctica, Lockheed Martin, will run out of funding for its Antarctic support program in about a week. A decision about whether they will need to start pulling back personnel is expected very soon.

The fear is that this year’s entire research season will effectively be cancelled — that scientists and logistical support workers will be called back home, and only skeleton crews will be left to keep the three U.S. research stations going.

What’s it like to stare down the looming threat of an entire lost year of research? Peter Doran, a professor of earth sciences from the University of Illinois at Chicago, articulated his feelings to NPR’s All Things Considered:

“We can do things that other countries can’t do because of the great logistic support that we’ve had for years,” he says.

The thought of all the science that wouldn’t get done if there is a pullback is depressing to Doran. “And the waste of money is just heartbreaking,” he adds. “All the equipment that’s been shipped down already for this field season, all the people having to reverse all that — for nothing? It really kind of makes me ill.”

The federal government shutdown jeopardizes more than  just the scientific study of Antarctica’s expansive ice mass. House Republicans’ continued effort to hold the U.S. hostage in a bid to quash Obamacare affects science research across the board. From Greenwire:

The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics’ mission statement vows “to advance our knowledge and understanding of the universe.” But when the federal government shut down last Tuesday, its scientists were forced to trim their sails.

The center sent home more than 100 of its 900 employees, affecting as many as 60 projects — including the mapping of solar flares, a threat to satellites that feed data to American smartphones. Disrupted federal funding is “so counterproductive” at a time of global competition for technological dominance, center spokesman David Aguilar lamented in an interview.

“For people to say that this is not important, that it doesn’t have an impact,” Aguilar added, reflects a lack of awareness “of what technology does for our lives.”

While the economic fallout from closed national parks and unpaid federal workers began to hit almost immediately after the shutdown began, its effect on scientific research promises to kick in on a slower time scale and with less easily communicated consequences for many Americans.

And as the federal shutdown stretches into its second week, polls are showing that most Americans blame the GOP. The L.A. Times reports that the president’s approval rating has risen even as his agencies have been furloughed by Congress’s inability to pass a budget:

The standoff over the government shutdown continues to damage the public’s opinion of congressional Republicans, two new surveys indicate, a finding likely to deepen concern among GOP leaders about the impact the stalemate is having on their party.

A third newly released survey shows that overall approval of Congress has fallen to nearly a record low.

Disapproval of the way congressional Republicans are “handling negotiations over the federal budget” has jumped to 70%, a Washington Post-ABC News poll shows. The poll, taken Wednesday through Sunday, found 24% approving of the congressional GOP.

Of course, this is a fantasy come true for fossil-fuel-allied Republicans: No government means crippled regulators and hobbled science. Maybe that’s why greens are vocally seething over the shutdown while the energy industry, in the words of a recent Politico article, “are mostly staying mum” about it.


Source
Government shutdown: GOP losing ground with public, polls indicate, L.A. Times
Government shutdown: Scientific research takes a quiet but devastating hit, Greenwire
Even Antarctica Feels Effects Of The Government Shutdown, NPR

John Upton is a science fan and green news boffin who tweets, posts articles to Facebook, and blogs about ecology. He welcomes reader questions, tips, and incoherent rants: johnupton@gmail.com.

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Climate change is killing the corn cob pipe

Climate change is killing the corn cob pipe

Add another item to the list of things climate change will kill! But this one makes me a little gleeful.

NPR reports that “corn cob pipes have made a comeback in recent years” (which, what?), but now higher temperatures and drought are severely cutting into the supply of this “natural product.”

ilmo joe

The country’s one last mass producer of the pipes, Missouri Meerschaum Company, is suffering from a serious lack of decent corn cobs to fashion into $10 cancer-depositing machines for your lungs.

It’s probably fitting that drought could kill the corn cob pipe, though — after all, it’s also taking out tobacco crops (with a little help from hurricanes). Uh, thanks, climate change?

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Farmers markets are growing, but farmers’ incomes are not

Farmers markets are growing, but farmers’ incomes are not

She’s not getting rich.

It’s National Agriculture Day! What an appropriate day to celebrate the awesome work of our nation’s farmers! The awesome work they are so crappily compensated for, that is.

They may seem to be raking in the cash at all those new local farmers markets, but America’s food-growers — those producing fruits and veg, not soy and corn — aren’t having an easy go of it. NPR’s All Things Considered reports:

The market for locally grown food has seen dramatic growth over the last decade. Despite this boost in sales and popularity, evidence suggests that the economics behind the movement still don’t favor the farmer. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has new programs to try to prop up small-scale operations, but many local farms only survive because they scrape by on below-market wages, or by doing without things like insurance.

Iowa State economist David Swenson says farmers trying to earn a living by selling their produce locally often face a losing battle. He calculated that if someone were producing 25 acres of fruits and vegetables — which would meet the produce needs of about 5,000 people — they wouldn’t be anywhere near well-off. “That basically sustained 1.34 jobs and only $35,000 in total labor income and that’s labor income to the producer as well as to any help,” Swenson told NPR.

Small may not always be better. But the answer isn’t to stop shopping at the farmers market — nor, maybe, is it to quit your job and run off to the countryside to grow apples.

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Your ‘sustainable’ fish may not actually be sustainable, like, at all

Your ‘sustainable’ fish may not actually be sustainable, like, at all

Deckhand

Here’s the Marine Stewardship Council label, FWIW.

Never mind knowing what kind of fish you’re eating — even when you do know, you still probably don’t have all the deets on just how green it is.

Nearly 90 percent of the world’s fisheries are either overexploited or almost overexploited. At some point this year, we’ll eat more farmed fish than wild fish worldwide, a milestone for fish farms and a scary prospect for the food system and eviscerated oceans.

In a recent poll commissioned by NPR, nearly 80 percent of respondents said it’s important or very important to them that the seafood they buy is sustainably caught. But how can they really know? There are dozens of different sustainable seafood guides, advisory lists, labels, and certifications.

When McDonald’s recently switched to fish products approved by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), it celebrated the change with packaging proclaiming sustainability. But the Alaskan pollock McDonald’s is serving isn’t considered a best choice by all fish-watch groups, and some environmentalists say the whole MSC rating system isn’t all it’s cracked up to be. From NPR’s three-part series on the topic:

“We’re not getting what we think we’re getting,” says Susanna Fuller, co-director of marine programs at Canada’s Ecology Action Centre. She says the consumer, when purchasing seafood with the blue MSC label, is “not buying something that’s sustainable now.”

If the label were accurate, Fuller says, it would include what she says is troubling fine print: The MSC system has certified most fisheries with “conditions.” Those conditions spell out that the fishermen will have to change the way they operate or study how their methods are affecting the environment — or both. But they have years to comply with those conditions after the fisheries have already been certified sustainable.

The MSC seems to expect the best of everyone. For example, the organization won’t flat-out condemn dredging, “a method of dragging giant rakes across the ocean floor,” as NPR describes it. Even though many dredging operations rip up sea ecosystems, MSC argues that some boats dredge carefully.

Since it was founded in 1997, the MSC has become the most influential organization in the world that tells consumers which seafood is supposed to be good or bad for the environment. Today, MSC-certified fisheries account for roughly 8 percent of the world’s seafood catch, worth more than $3 billion, according to the MSC website.

[MSC CEO Rupert] Howes and the MSC’s supporters say the organization has helped push fishing companies to use better, more ecologically sound methods. Many environmentalists and scientists agree that the MSC has made progress, but they say it’s deceiving consumers into thinking that the choices they make at the market have a bigger impact than they really do.

Here’s the kicker: Walmart’s seafood buyer is concerned about problems with the MSC’s ratings system while the Whole Foods buyer is all, “Whatevs.” This makes me feel a lot of feelings, and none of them are very good.

If you like journalism that gives you a stomachache too (I mean, you’re reading this, right?), check out the final part of NPR’s series on sustainable fish this evening on All Things Considered.

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Texas is thinking about giving its oil and gas inspectors guns

Texas is thinking about giving its oil and gas inspectors guns

This is the kind of story that people look back on after a tragedy and say: Well, that was a bad idea.

The Texas Railroad Commission, which regulates oil and gas development, is considering arming its employees. From NPR:

In announcing his initiative, [Commission Chair Barry] Smitherman cited “recent shooting tragedies around the country”. In response to questions from StateImpact, he elaborated in an email: “At the Railroad Commission, many of our employees — such as our field inspectors — often work alone in remote, desolate areas of the state that can pose dangers. It is my position that Commission employees have the right to protect themselves.”

One Texan who agrees is Gary Painter, sheriff of Midland County where oil drilling is booming.

The sheriff said Railroad Commission inspectors can sometimes encounter resistance from crews on drilling rigs, crews he said that can be “on the edge” because of long hours and the use of drugs to stay sharp in spite of their fatigue.

I’m no expert, but it seems like maybe there are some other things that need to be fixed before we throw guns into the mix.

facebook

From Barry Smitherman’s Facebook page. Click to embiggen.

Then there’s the matter of other groups with which the Railroad Commission finds itself in conflict. Landowners, for example, whose land the Railroad Commission has seized through public domain to build TransCanada’s Keystone pipeline. Or the Keystone protestors, who are in active conflict with the state over TransCanada’s progress. Some of them may be on drugs, too, but probably different ones.

There are two consolations here. First, Smitherman was appointed to the commission by Texas Gov. Rick Perry, who is known for his unerring sense of judgment. Second, over the state’s history, no one in Texas has ever accidentally been shot.

Source

RRC’s Smitherman: ‘Much Interest’ in Gun Training, NPR

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Bringing back chestnut trees could fight climate change and give us tasty treats

Bringing back chestnut trees could fight climate change and give us tasty treats

When Nat King Cole first recorded “The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire)” in 1946, American giant chestnut trees had been nearly wiped out by a foreign fungus. Billions of native trees were felled by the disease. If you want to roast those sweet babies over an open fire this holiday season, they’ll likely be of the imported-from-China variety.

cookingontheweekends

A hundred years ago, it was a very different scene, NPR reports:

The American chestnut was king of the forest. One of every four hardwoods in the eastern woodlands was a chestnut. They grew so tall — up to 100 feet — they were called the redwoods of the east.

By the mid-20th century they were “pretty much obliterated,” and now the only seasonal street-food treats are those crusty sugared peanuts. An American tragedy.

Efforts to revitalize the country’s chestnut stock have been ongoing for decades, but they’re not just aimed at holiday treats (because researchers have other crazy priorities).

Why is it so important to bring back the chestnut tree? Advocates say the trees were critical to the economy of rural communities and the ecology of the forests. Some even say chestnuts can help with global warming.

“Some” being scientists, like the ones who penned a 2009 Purdue University study on new hybrid chestnut trees and their carbon-fighting superpowers.

“Maintaining or increasing forest cover has been identified as an important way to slow climate change,” said [associate professor of forestry Douglass] Jacobs, whose paper was published in the June issue of the journal Forest Ecology and Management. “The American chestnut is an incredibly fast-growing tree. Generally the faster a tree grows, the more carbon it is able to sequester. And when these trees are harvested and processed, the carbon can be stored in the hardwood products for decades, maybe longer.”

Over the last several years, we’ve been importing more foreign chestnuts, but we’re also growing more of them at home. American growers have been planting and cultivating a variety of chestnut trees, from European-Japanese hybrids to blight-resistant Chinese varieties. They’re creating new stock and marketing it with new products aimed at the health-conscious. From NPR’s The Salt blog:

Many growers hand harvest to serve a niche, regional market, but they hope to modernize with grabbing tools called nut wizards and vacuum and all-in-one self-propelling harvesting systems. On the processing side, anti-microbial treatments help improve chestnut’s short shelf life. “It’s like an apple, if you leave them on a table they’ll go crummy,” says Dan Guyer, an engineer at [Michigan State University] who’s experimenting with X-ray chestnut sorting technology.

And then there are new marketing strategies. Chestnut flour is aimed at the gluten free crowd, but there’s also chestnut honey and beer. MSU helped develop peeled-frozen chestnut packs, hoping to appeal to the shopper on the go.

In Missouri, [University of Missouri forestry professor Michael] Gold likens it to selling a novel exotic fruit in U.S. markets for the first time: “We see our role as the catalyst in developing what we call the ‘new’ chestnut, as a new crop for American palates.”

Who needs an open fire when you can warm up with chestnut brew?

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