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EPA chief nominee clears one hurdle, but more lie ahead

EPA chief nominee clears one hurdle, but more lie ahead

Derek Bridges

Sen. David Vitter says he’s now OK with the EPA having a leader.

Gina McCarthy is one step closer to being confirmed as administrator of the EPA, after a key Republican senator dropped his filibuster threat. But other GOP senators are still opposed, so the absurdly long wait to fill the spot — a record-breaking 146 days and counting — isn’t over yet.

McCarthy, currently assistant administrator for the EPA’s Office of Air and Radiation, was nominated by President Obama for the country’s top environmental job in early March. But Republicans have blocked her confirmation, taking the opportunity to accuse the EPA of insufficient transparency, among other transgressions.

One of those obstructionists has been Sen. David Vitter (R-La.), but on Tuesday he relented, announcing on his website that he would support allowing a Senate vote on the nomination, which is expected next week:

Vitter (R-La.), top Republican on the Environment and Public Works Committee (EPW), today said that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has made major progress on the five transparency requests the EPW Republicans have been demanding throughout the Gina McCarthy nomination process. In a May 16 letter sent to the EPA, Vitter said if the EPA made progress on the requests, he intended to support handling the McCarthy nomination on the Senate floor without a filibuster. Today, he agreed to fulfill that commitment after receiving historic agreements from the EPA.

Obama administration officials hope Vitter’s volte-face will convince some of his colleagues to drop their opposition. From a Tuesday article in Politico:

It remains to be seen how yielding other Republican critics of McCarthy’s will be, although observers have said for some time that the Senate is likely to confirm her.

Sen. Roy Blunt (R-Mo.) has had a hold on McCarthy’s nomination over issues in his state. Sen. John Barrasso (R-Wyo.) — who held up her nomination to head the agency’s air office in 2009 — has remained staunchly opposed to McCarthy becoming administrator, particularly because of the agency’s climate change regulations.

“We certainly hope that the caucus falls in line with Sen. Vitter and supports an up and down vote on McCarthy’s nomination,” an administration official told POLITICO on Tuesday. “I think this will certainly help move the GOP caucus.”

Environment and Public Works Chairwoman Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.) broke into a wide smile when a POLITICO reporter told her about Vitter’s statement.

But by Wednesday morning, Politico was reporting that hurdles still remain:

Just hours after Vitter (R-La.) announced yesterday that he would not support filibustering McCarthy’s nomination, Sen. Roy Blunt (R-Mo.) said his long-standing hold on her remains. And several Republicans who had been seen as possible McCarthy supporters signaled this week that they’re on the fence.

Meanwhile, Senate Democrats are reportedly mulling a procedural strategy, the so-called “nuclear option,” that could see McCarthy’s nomination approved by a simple majority vote, which would circumvent opposition from the minority Republicans. “I’m hoping very much that if there is an obstruction that we will simply use our parliamentary options to get a 51-vote confirmation on her,” Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) said.

John Upton is a science fan and green news boffin who tweets, posts articles to Facebook, and blogs about ecology. He welcomes reader questions, tips, and incoherent rants: johnupton@gmail.com.

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EPA chief nominee clears one hurdle, but more lie ahead

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EPA delays fracking safety study until 2016

EPA delays fracking safety study until 2016

iQoncept

We told you last week that the EPA is abandoning an investigation that linked fracking chemicals with groundwater contamination in Wyoming. Amid controversy over that move, news about EPA delaying another fracking study got overlooked by most media.

In 2010, Congress ordered the EPA to look into the dangers posed to drinking water sources by hydraulic fracturing. That research was expected to be completed in 2014. But last Tuesday, an EPA official told attendees of a shale-gas conference in Cleveland, Ohio, that it wouldn’t be done until 2016.

The Akron Beacon Journal was one of the few outlets to cover the news:

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is analyzing the threat that hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, poses to drinking water, but that study won’t be completed until 2016.

That assessment came Tuesday from Jeanne Briskin, coordinator of hydraulic fracturing research at the EPA’s Office of Research and Development. …

Briskin said the EPA probably would complete and release a preliminary report in late 2014. It is “complex research,” she said. …

Briskin outlined what her agency has done so far and the work that still must be completed. It is sampling water in two drilling counties in Pennsylvania plus in Colorado, North Dakota and Texas.

Nine energy companies and nine drilling-supply companies have cooperated with the EPA research, and 1,000 chemicals have been identified as being used in the fracking process, Briskin said.

The news follows an April announcement made by the EPA in the Federal Register that it was giving the public an extra six and a half months to submit information that could inform the agency’s study.

It’s nice that EPA is trying to be thorough with its research and is giving citizens more of a chance to contribute to the process. But considering how quickly fracking is spreading around the country, three more years is a long time to wait.

John Upton is a science fan and green news boffin who tweets, posts articles to Facebook, and blogs about ecology. He welcomes reader questions, tips, and incoherent rants: johnupton@gmail.com.

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EPA delays fracking safety study until 2016

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Here’s how the world can get on track with climate goals

Here’s how the world can get on track with climate goals

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Take the off-ramp, please!

The world is driving itself into a future of climate hell, but experts say it’s not too late to take the off-ramp.

Despite declining greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. and other developed nations, global emissions broke a new record last year. They were pushed 1.4 percent higher than the year before by rapid growth in China and India, and by Japan turning to fossil fuels instead of nuclear power.

During U.N. climate negotiations held in Copenhagen in 2009, most of the world agreed to aim for a post-Industrial Revolution temperature rise of no more than 2 degrees Celsius. But if the world keeps traveling along its current path, the International Energy Agency warns in a new report that long-term average temperature increases of between 3.6 and 5.3 degrees C are more likely.

Climate negotiations are underway to agree on a successor to the Kyoto Protocol, which could help stem the tide of rising emissions. But no new agreement is expected to come into force until 2020 — and who knows if it would even be strong enough to make a difference.

So it would be easy to conclude that we’re royally fucked.

But in its new report, the IEA outlines four strategies that countries could pursue during the next seven years to help spare us the “royally fucked” scenario of skyrocketing temperatures — all at zero net economic cost.

“Despite the insufficiency of global action to date, limiting the global temperature rise to 2 °C remains still technically feasible, though it is extremely challenging,” states the report, titled “Redrawing the Energy-Climate Map.”

The most fruitful of the four suggested strategies would be the adoption of straightforward energy-efficiency measures, mostly in buildings but also in vehicles. The other strategies: shutting down the worst of coal power plants, cutting back on the accidental release of natural gas by frackers and other energy companies, and more quickly phasing out fossil fuel subsidies.

“[T]hese policies would reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by 3.1 [gigatonnes of carbon dioxide or equivalent] in 2020 — 80% of the emissions reductions required under a 2°C trajectory,” the report says. “This would buy precious time while international climate negotiations continue.”

Here are those four suggestions in graph form from a related IEA presentation [PDF] given in London on Monday. The percentage figures indicate each strategy’s potential contribution to the 3.1 Gt reduction:

IEAClick to embiggen.

Christiana Figueres, executive secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which is coordinating climate negotiations, said governments and companies should seize on the report’s recommendations.

“Once again we are reminded that there is a gap between current efforts and the engagement necessary to keep the world below a two degrees Celsius temperature rise,” Figueres said in a statement [PDF]. “Once again we are reminded that the gap can be closed this decade, using proven technologies and known policies, and without harming economic growth in any region of the world.”

John Upton is a science fan and green news boffin who tweets, posts articles to Facebook, and blogs about ecology. He welcomes reader questions, tips, and incoherent rants: johnupton@gmail.com.

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Chemical creep: Farmers return to pesticides as GMO corn loses bug resistance

Chemical creep: Farmers return to pesticides as GMO corn loses bug resistance

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Monsanto’s Bt corn was supposed to reduce pesticide use. The Environmental Protection Agency said as much when the corn, which is genetically modified to resist the crop-ravaging rootworm, debuted in 2003. Sure enough, as more farmers sowed their fields with Bt corn, fewer of them needed to spray pesticides to protect their crops. The share of U.S. corn acreage treated with insecticides fell from 25 percent in 2005 to 9 percent in 2010.

But now, Bt corn has become, basically, too successful: Rootworms are starting to develop immunity to this prevalent crop, driving farmers to return to insecticide use. The Wall Street Journal reports:

Syngenta, one of the world’s largest pesticide makers, reported that sales of its major soil insecticide for corn, which is applied at planting time, more than doubled in 2012. Chief Financial Officer John Ramsay attributed the growth to “increased grower awareness” of rootworm resistance in the U.S. Insecticide sales in the first quarter climbed 5% to $480 million.

The frustrating part is that rootworms’ resistance to the Bt corn gene was entirely predictable — so predictable that some companies seized it as a financial opportunity:

American Vanguard bought a series of insecticide companies and technologies during the past decade, betting that insecticide demand would return as Bt corn started losing its effectiveness. In the past couple of years, that wager has paid off.

The Newport Beach, Calif., company reported that its soil-insecticide revenue jumped 50% in 2012, and company earnings climbed 70% as its stock price doubled. Its insecticide sales rose 41% in the first quarter to $79 million, with gains driven by corn insecticide.

Scientists say that so far, rootworms have only developed resistance to seeds engineered to include just one rootworm trait, and Monsanto says it plans to phase out that seed and replace it with a multiple-trait variety. But the EPA cautions that rootworms resistant to the first seed are more likely to develop resistance to other traits, too. And although Monsanto recommends crop rotation to “break the rootworm cycle,” historically high corn prices are driving more farmers to plant corn every year — and that has also increased the presence of other pests besides rootworm.

So let’s set aside, for the moment, the repetitious debates between pro- and anti-GMO contingents, and consider this simple fact: Bt corn’s success lasted all of seven or eight years before rootworm resistance popped up. The same cycle could easily repeat itself with other rootworm traits or with other pests altogether.

GMOs are supposed to make farmers’ volatile business a little more secure. But when their failure is so predictable that corporations like Vanguard can profitably bet on it, who’s really coming out on top?

Claire Thompson is an editorial assistant at Grist.

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Chemical creep: Farmers return to pesticides as GMO corn loses bug resistance

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Climate activists to protest at Obama group’s climate events

Climate activists to protest at Obama group’s climate events

The White House

Barack Obama’s advocacy group, Organizing for Action, has been calling out Republican climate skeptics in Congress, but climate activists are not impressed. They’re planning to crash OFA events and push the group to fight the Keystone XL pipeline.

350.org and CREDO Action, the political arm of the company CREDO Mobile, are leading the charge. OFA is bracing for it. From BuzzFeed:

OFA circulated a set of talking points to its members for use in dealing with unruly activists. The document, obtained by BuzzFeed, includes information on the science behind climate change and the president’s environmental positions, and ends with a section titled “Keystone Talking Points.” …

The talking points come with a warning: “Volunteers from Credo Action or other organizations may attend your planning session and want to demand that we work on the Keystone XL pipeline.” …

“We understand that there are groups and individuals who would like to work to influence the President and the State Department on a variety of environmental decisions, but OFA’s plan is to do great organizing on building clean energy locally, turning up the heat on Congress and helping individuals and communities switch to clean energy,” the document reads. “They are more than welcome to work with those groups, but we encourage all volunteers to be part of our work and the mission of changing the conversation on climate!”

OFA asks its members to point to the State Department review process when asked about the pipeline.

Organizing for America defended itself to The Washington Post:

In an e-mail, OFA spokeswoman Katie Hogan noted the group already mobilized its members to both engage lawmakers on global warming and press for confirmation of Environmental Protection Agency administrator-designate Gina McCarthy.

“It has been made clear since our first day as an organization that we support the President’s plans from comprehensive immigration reform, to reducing gun violence to climate change, including the completion of the State Department [Keystone XL] review,” Hogan wrote. “Just last week OFA held almost 100 action planning sessions on climate change in communities across the country to talk about the action that can be taken right now to call out members of Congress for denying that climate change is a man-made problem.”

Um, Hogan, pointing out that you’re pointing out that Republicans aren’t taking climate change seriously is kinda missing the point.

John Upton is a science fan and green news boffin who

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Climate activists to protest at Obama group’s climate events

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New York Times editorial calls for Obama to get moving on climate

New York Times editorial calls for Obama to get moving on climate

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Spirit of America

Get to work, Mr. President!

The New York Times editorial board is worried that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels recently hit 400 parts per million. And it’s worried that President Barack Obama doesn’t seem to be doing anything about it.

In an editorial published on Saturday, the Gray Lady called on Obama to quickly use his executive powers to tackle climate change:

The prospects for broad-based Congressional action putting a price on carbon emissions are nil. The House is run by people who care little for environmental issues generally, and Senate Republicans who once favored a pricing strategy, like John McCain and Lindsey Graham, have long since slunk away. Meanwhile, Republicans on the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee have spent the last two weeks trying to derail Mr. Obama’s nominee to run the Environmental Protection Agency — a moderate named Gina McCarthy. Ms. McCarthy has served two Republican governors (Mitt Romney was one) but is considered suspect by the right wing because she wants to control carbon pollution, which is driving global temperatures upward.

Hence the need for executive action. Yet we are now four months into Mr. Obama’s second term, and there is no visible sign of a coherent strategy. One plausible reason is that Mr. Obama has been preoccupied with other issues and that his key players on climate have not been in place. But that excuse disappears if Ms. McCarthy can survive a threatened Senate filibuster; even if she does not, Mr. Obama has sufficient talent in the E.P.A. and the Energy Department and among his science advisers to get started.

As this page has noted, it is possible to adopt a robust climate strategy based largely on executive actions. …

Mr. Obama has a firm grasp of the climate issue, and no one doubts that he cares about it. But as is often the case with this president, the question is whether he will exhibit a sense of urgency to match his intellectual understanding.

The full editorial outlines a brief to-do list for Obama — you can read it here.

John Upton is a science fan and green news boffin who

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blogs about ecology

. He welcomes reader questions, tips, and incoherent rants:

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New York Times editorial calls for Obama to get moving on climate

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Court hands EPA a victory in fight against mountaintop-removal mining

Court hands EPA a victory in fight against mountaintop-removal mining

SouthWings / Appalachian VoicesMountaintop-removal coal mining: It’s damn ugly.

Score one for the EPA — and everyone else who doesn’t like the idea of a coal company blasting the tops off mountains and dumping the waste into streams.

From The Wall Street Journal:

The Environmental Protection Agency won an important legal victory Tuesday in a long-brewing battle with Arch Coal Inc. over a coal mining project in West Virginia known as Spruce No. 1.

The case tests whether the EPA can revoke a permit for the controversial practice known as mountaintop mining after another federal agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, has already approved it.

The D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the EPA can indeed revoke such a permit, acting under the authority of the Clean Water Act. (Turns out that dumping tons of dirt and rock into streams does not promote clean water.)

The ruling is “is likely to set off considerable political backlash from industry, some utilities and their congressional allies who have long contended that the EPA’s regulatory efforts are killing the coal sector,” reports the L.A. Times.

Coal-loving Rep. Nick Rahall (D-W.Va.) is leading that anti-EPA charge. “I will soon be reintroducing the Clean Water Cooperative Federalism Act, legislation the House approved last year to prevent the EPA from using the guise of clean water as a means to disrupt coal mining as they have now done with respect to the Spruce Mine in Logan County, West Virginia,” he said.

The Spruce No. 1 case isn’t resolved yet; it’s been sent back to a lower court for consideration of other issues.

But Tuesday’s ruling is a win for now, so anti-mining activists, like Mary Anne Hitt of the Sierra Club, are celebrating.

Lisa Hymas is senior editor at Grist. You can follow her on

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Court hands EPA a victory in fight against mountaintop-removal mining

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Fact Check: The Washington Times on the RFS

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Fact Check: The Washington Times on the RFS

Posted 22 April 2013 in

National

It’s déjà vu all over again with a recent Washington Times piece from Steve Goreham. Friends of renewable fuel will be familiar with all of the reasons why his arguments are bunk, but stick with us as we put Goreham’s feet to the fire on his RFS fallacies:

First, his argument that “US dependence on oil imports is greatly reduced” and therefore we no longer need the RFS misses the mark. As long as the US remains reliant on oil as our main fuel source, swings in oil prices will continue to affect the U.S. economy – and harm consumers at the pump. Learn the “Truth Behind High Gas Prices in 60 Seconds.”

And, no, America cannot drill its way to oil independence. Check out why:

A recent American Security Project report finds that “we cannot drill our way out” of vulnerability to global oil markets. The reality that increased domestic production does not equate to being insulated from a global market – because America’s oil reserves are not big enough to supply 100% of the fuel demand.
A recent report by IEA predicted that drilling our way to oil independence will still leave us with oil costing $215+ per barrel. And you guessed it: consumers filling up their tanks will foot the bill.

Unfortunately, for U.S. consumers the only way to truly reduce our dependence on foreign oil is by diversifying our fuel supply with low-cost, homegrown renewable fuel.

Second, Goreham get caught red-handed with not keeping up with the news cycle, when he writes, “recent studies show that the use of ethanol and biodiesel does not reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”

News flash: Last week, the International Energy Agency (IEA) released their Tracking Clean Energy Progress report in New Delhi. The report explains that biofuels are playing a significant role in reducing greenhouse gases and in fact, IEA is calling for increased global biofuel production to further GHG reduction. Check out the full Fuels America blog post on this here.

Additionally, he states “mandates for ethanol vehicle fuel are also boosting food prices.”

In reality there is no correlation between food prices and ethanol production. Need proof? In this chart, note the strong divergence in 2009 – as ethanol production rose, food prices fell. That is because food prices ARE driven by OIL prices. Note the exact correlation between food and oil – not food and ethanol – prices in the 2009 time period, in this chart.
According to the United States Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service, 84% of retail food costs are derived from non-farm costs, leaving the cost of food that derives from the value of farm products at 16%.

Bottom line: the RFS is providing consumers with choice and savings, creating jobs, and providing environmental and improving national security. What has the RFS done for you lately? A lot.

 

 

 

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GOP Goes Hunting For EPA Emails About Turducken

…but misses the big picture of the agency’s transparency problems. Phil Romans/Flickr Earlier this month, when a burst pipe spilled thousands of gallons of heavy oil into an Arkansas suburb, the message from the White House went something like: “Everybody chill, the EPA has it under control.” But reporters on the scene found the cleanup orchestrated by the same company, ExxonMobil, that allowed the spill, and heard only crickets when they asked the EPA about its involvement. Turns out, on some of the nation’s most pressing environmental health issues, the EPA’s transparency record isn’t exactly crystal-clear. So with a vote on President Obama’s new pick to head the EPA, Gina McCarthy, coming up as soon as next week, it perhaps isn’t a surprise that Congressional scrutiny of her nomination has centered more on the agency’s secret-keeping habits than on its environmental enforcement goals. At a hearing last Thursday before the Senate’s Environment and Public Works Committee, McCarthy got grilled on EPA’s transparency record by Republican members, led by Louisiana’s David Vitter. On Tuesday, the committee’s Republicans sent a memo demanding details on her plans to open up the agency’s inner workings. But for all their zeal, Vitter and his GOP colleagues (including climate change denier-in-chief James Inhofe (R-Okla.)) might be barking up the wrong tree: A major thrust of their complaint against McCarthy, a feisty Bostonian currently overseeing EPA’s air quality division, hinges on the use of email aliases by top EPA officials and the possibility that they’ve used personal email accounts for official business, an issue currently under investigation by the EPA Inspector General. Outgoing EPA administrator Lisa Jackson and Bush-era EPA head Christie Whitman both created official email addresses under fake names (Jackson’s was “Richard Windsor,” after a pet dog), apparently to circumvent a chronic deluge of spam. McCarthy says she doesn’t have an alias email and told the Senate committee she found only one instance of using her personal email for work—which didn’t stop Vitter, in the memo, from demanding a full audit of her personal emails. And while the use of unofficial email addresses beyond the reach of federal public records laws clearly raises the specter of important information being kept in the dark, few in the transparency or environmental journalism communities think it should be the focus of complaints about the agency’s openness. “The concerns over fake emails are totally bogus,” says Joe Davis, a veteran environmental journalist and a member of the Society of Environmental Journalists’ freedom of information taskforce. “This wasn’t some made-up thing by Lisa Jackson to fool us all. They’re simply efforts to politically damage McCarthy and Lisa Jackson and EPA by people with an anti-regulatory agenda.” Indeed, a review of a cache of “secret” emails from Jackson uncovered such pressing matters as whether “turducken” is a real thing (it is), and lyrics for a Santa-themed jingle about coal ash regulation. The problem, Davis said, is that focusing on the emails distracts from more legitimate transparency concerns, like whether McCarthy mislead Congress about greenhouse gas regulations, lawsuits alleging the EPA deliberately destroyed official instant messaging threads, and what Davis describes as a longstanding agency-wide pattern of rebuffing the news media—a pattern that has only gotten worse during the Obama administration. And if Senate Republicans are asking the wrong questions, Davis says, they’re at least doing better than Democrats, who haven’t raised any questions in the nomination process about the EPA’s openness with the media. There’s plenty that could use a good airing: Back in 2010, the EPA asked the natural gas industry to cough up details on the ingredients in fracking fluid after companies were caught pumping toxic chemicals like benzene and toluene into the ground. It was a chance to shine a light on a practice that had been notoriously murky since being exempted from Safe Drinking Water Act disclosure rules five years before. There was only one problem: Under industry pressure, the EPA agreed to keep the ingredient lists a secret from the public, and by last year was still scrambling just to get the lists for themselves. Meanwhile, a rule to crack down on toxic coal ash disposal that EPA boss Lisa Jackson hoped would be one of her flagship achievements was watered down during closed-door meetings with industry groups and then mysteriously delayed; with Jackson on her way out, it has yet to be finalized. President Obama’s broader campaign promises to bring more transparency across the federal government have fallen short, and environmental watchdogs have called foul on the EPA in particular for shutting out journalists, controlling messages for political gain, obfuscating public comments on proposed policies, and a host of other transparency issues. A 2008 Union of Concerned Scientists study found that hundreds of EPA scientists had their work interfered with by officials for political reasons. Transparency is “a chronic, burning issue at EPA,” says the SEJ’s Joe Davis. “It’s a way of insulating themselves from PR disasters and political and public accountability.” An EPA spokesperson declined to comment for this story, instead forwarding an April 8 letter from McCarthy to Vitter saying that “the Agency should strive for excellence with respect to transparency and accountability.” And there are already indications that McCarthy has a different view from many environmental journalists of what “excellence” would look like. At a panel last September hosted by the Union of Concerned Scientists, McCarthy defended the agency’s practice of keeping their staff scientists under lock and key—and away from journalists: “It is the job of the agency to make sure that personalities don’t get in the way of really discussing the science in a way that maintains the agency’s credibility,” she said then. The EPA is the environmental agency perhaps most often besieged by private industry and Republicans, and its transparency record makes it a sitting turducken for this kind of criticism, said Nancy Watzman, a consultant with the Sunlight Foundation, which monitors government openness. Still, Watzman said, given the preponderance of transparency problems at the EPA, it’s critical for lawmakers to choose their battles wisely: “Transparency is kind of a feel-good word,” she said, but one that can too easily be wielded as a cudgel. “We believe in it, but it’s often used in a political way.” Originally posted here:  GOP Goes Hunting For EPA Emails About Turducken Related ArticlesAustralia Urged to Formally Recognise Climate Change Refugee StatusThe First—And Last—Hearing on Keystone XL Environmental ImpactCarbon Bubble Will Plunge the World Into Another Financial Crisis – Report

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International Energy Agency calls for increased biofuels production to reduce greenhouse gases

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International Energy Agency calls for increased biofuels production to reduce greenhouse gases

Posted 18 April 2013 in

National

Yesterday, the International Energy Agency (IEA) released their Tracking Clean Energy Progress report in New Delhi. The report explains that biofuels are playing a significant role in reducing greenhouse gases and in fact, IEA is calling for increased global biofuel production to further GHG reduction.

The IEA’s Climate Change Scenario endeavors to hold global climate change to 2⁰ C by 2022, but notes that we are not on track to obtain that goal. According to IEA, in order to reach the 2020 target the annual biofuels production needs to double and the capacity of advanced biofuels needs to increase six-fold. In order to succeed, IEA states that “this will require dedicated policy support for advanced biofuels and additional government funding for research and production.”

Currently, the United States is among the few regions to provide financial support for advanced biofuels as well as government policies to support such increases. Government policies like the Renewable Fuel Standard are a must to promote not only current production of biofuels but also provide a long-term policy framework to ensure investor confidence and aid in sustained production expansion.

As IEA notes, biofuels are actively reducing emissions from the transportation sector. Increased commitment to the production and expansion of renewable fuels are crucial to helping us mitigate and prevent further damaging impacts of climate change.

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International Energy Agency calls for increased biofuels production to reduce greenhouse gases

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